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Author |
Lu, Y.; Coops, N.C. |
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Title |
Bright lights, big city: Causal effects of population and GDP on urban brightness |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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13 |
Issue |
7 |
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e0199545 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Cities are arguably both the cause, and answer, to societies' current sustainability issues. Urbanization is the interplay between a city's physical growth and its socio-economic development, both of which consume a substantial amount of energy and resources. Knowledge of the underlying driver(s) of urban expansion facilitates not only academic research but, more importantly, bridges the gap between science, policy drafting, and practical urban management. An increasing number of researchers are recognizing the benefits of innovative remotely sensed datasets, such as nighttime lights data (NTL), as a proxy to map urbanization and subsequently examine the driving socio-economic variables in cities. We further these approaches, by taking a trans-pacific view, and examine how an array of socio-economic ind0icators of 25 culturally and economically important urban hubs relate to long term patterns in NTL for the past 21 years. We undertake a classic econometric approach-panel causality tests which allow analysis of the causal relationships between NTL and socio-economic development across the region. The panel causality test results show a contrasting effect of population and gross domestic product (GDP) on NTL in fast, and slowly, changing cities. Information derived from this study quantitatively chronicles urban activities in the pan-Pacific region and potentially offers data for studies that spatially track local progress of sustainable urban development goals. |
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Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Forest Recourses Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29995923 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1963 |
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Yao, Y.; Chen, D.; Chen, L.; Wang, H.; Guan, Q. |
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Title |
A time series of urban extent in China using DSMP/OLS nighttime light data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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13 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0198189 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Urban extent data play an important role in urban management and urban studies, such as monitoring the process of urbanization and changes in the spatial configuration of urban areas. Traditional methods of extracting urban-extent information are primarily based on manual investigations and classifications using remote sensing images, and these methods have such problems as large costs in labor and time and low precision. This study proposes an improved, simplified and flexible method for extracting urban extents over multiple scales and the construction of spatiotemporal models using DMSP/OLS nighttime light (NTL) for practical situations. This method eliminates the regional temporal and spatial inconsistency of thresholding NTL in large-scale and multi-temporal scenes. Using this method, we have extracted the urban extents and calculated the corresponding areas on the county, municipal and provincial scales in China from 2000 to 2012. In addition, validation with the data of reference data shows that the overall accuracy (OA), Kappa and F1 Scores were 0.996, 0.793, and 0.782, respectively. We increased the spatial resolution of the urban extent to 500 m (approximately four times finer than the results of previous studies). Based on the urban extent dataset proposed above, we analyzed changes in urban extents over time and observed that urban sprawl has grown in all of the counties of China. We also identified three patterns of urban sprawl: Early Urban Growth, Constant Urban Growth and Recent Urban Growth. In addition, these trends of urban sprawl are consistent with the western, eastern and central cities of China, respectively, in terms of their spatial distribution, socioeconomic characteristics and historical background. Additionally, the urban extents display the spatial configurations of urban areas intuitively. The proposed urban extent dataset is available for download and can provide reference data and support for future studies of urbanization and urban planning. |
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School of Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei province, China |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29795685 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1924 |
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Secondi, J.; Dupont, V.; Davranche, A.; Mondy, N.; Lengagne, T.; Thery, M. |
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Title |
Variability of surface and underwater nocturnal spectral irradiance with the presence of clouds in urban and peri-urban wetlands |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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12 |
Issue |
11 |
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e0186808 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; Ecology |
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. It causes a wealth of biological and ecological effects that may eventually affect populations and ecosystems. Despite the growing concern about ALAN, little is known about the light levels species are exposed to at night, especially for wetlands and underwater habitats. We determined nocturnal irradiance in urban and peri-urban wetlands above and under water, and assessed the effect of cloud cover on the variability of ALAN across the urban gradient. Even in aquatic habitats, cloud cover could increase irradiance beyond values observed during clear full moon nights. We report a negative relationship between baseline irradiance and the increase in irradiance during overcast nights. According to this result and previous studies, we propose that the change in the variation regime of ALAN between the urban center and rural land at its periphery is a usual feature. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of this spatial variation in the urban and peri-urban environment. |
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UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Mecanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29117235; PMCID:PMC5695598 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1801 |
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Author |
Proville, J.; Zavala-Araiza, D.; Wagner, G. |
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Title |
Night-time lights: A global, long term look at links to socio-economic trends |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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12 |
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3 |
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e0174610 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
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We use a parallelized spatial analytics platform to process the twenty-one year totality of the longest-running time series of night-time lights data-the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) dataset-surpassing the narrower scope of prior studies to assess changes in area lit of countries globally. Doing so allows a retrospective look at the global, long-term relationships between night-time lights and a series of socio-economic indicators. We find the strongest correlations with electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, followed by population, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, poverty (inverse) and F-gas emissions. Relating area lit to electricity consumption shows that while a basic linear model provides a good statistical fit, regional and temporal trends are found to have a significant impact. |
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John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28346500 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1645 |
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Author |
Freitas, J.R. de; Bennie, J.; Mantovani, W.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Exposure of tropical ecosystems to artificial light at night: Brazil as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0171655 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Artificial nighttime lighting from streetlights and other sources has a broad range of biological effects. Understanding the spatial and temporal levels and patterns of this lighting is a key step in determining the severity of adverse effects on different ecosystems, vegetation, and habitat types. Few such analyses have been conducted, particularly for regions with high biodiversity, including the tropics. We used an intercalibrated version of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images of stable nighttime lights to determine what proportion of original and current Brazilian vegetation types are experiencing measurable levels of artificial light and how this has changed in recent years. The percentage area affected by both detectable light and increases in brightness ranged between 0 and 35% for native vegetation types, and between 0 and 25% for current vegetation (i.e. including agriculture). The most heavily affected areas encompassed terrestrial coastal vegetation types (restingas and mangroves), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The existing small remnants of Lowland Deciduous and Semideciduous Seasonal Forests and of Campinarana had the lowest exposure levels to artificial light. Light pollution has not often been investigated in developing countries but our data show that it is an environmental concern. |
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Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28178352; PMCID:PMC5298803 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1650 |
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