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Author |
Lu, Y.; Coops, N.C. |
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Title |
Bright lights, big city: Causal effects of population and GDP on urban brightness |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume  |
13 |
Issue |
7 |
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e0199545 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Cities are arguably both the cause, and answer, to societies' current sustainability issues. Urbanization is the interplay between a city's physical growth and its socio-economic development, both of which consume a substantial amount of energy and resources. Knowledge of the underlying driver(s) of urban expansion facilitates not only academic research but, more importantly, bridges the gap between science, policy drafting, and practical urban management. An increasing number of researchers are recognizing the benefits of innovative remotely sensed datasets, such as nighttime lights data (NTL), as a proxy to map urbanization and subsequently examine the driving socio-economic variables in cities. We further these approaches, by taking a trans-pacific view, and examine how an array of socio-economic ind0icators of 25 culturally and economically important urban hubs relate to long term patterns in NTL for the past 21 years. We undertake a classic econometric approach-panel causality tests which allow analysis of the causal relationships between NTL and socio-economic development across the region. The panel causality test results show a contrasting effect of population and gross domestic product (GDP) on NTL in fast, and slowly, changing cities. Information derived from this study quantitatively chronicles urban activities in the pan-Pacific region and potentially offers data for studies that spatially track local progress of sustainable urban development goals. |
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Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Forest Recourses Management, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29995923 |
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no |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1963 |
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Author |
Shi, L.; Vasseur, L.; Huang, H.; Zeng, Z.; Hu, G.; Liu, X.; You, M. |
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Title |
Adult Tea Green Leafhoppers, Empoasca onukii (Matsuda), Change Behaviors under Varying Light Conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e0168439 |
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Keywords |
animals |
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Abstract |
Insect behaviors are often influenced by light conditions including photoperiod, light intensity, and wavelength. Understanding pest insect responses to changing light conditions may help with developing alternative strategies for pest control. Little is known about the behavioral responses of leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) to light conditions. The behavior of the tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda, was examined when exposed to different light photoperiods or wavelengths. Observations included the frequency of locomotion and cleaning activities, and the duration of time spent searching. The results suggested that under normal photoperiod both female and male adults were generally more active in darkness (i.e., at night) than in light. In continuous darkness (DD), the locomotion and cleaning events in Period 1 (7:00-19:00) were significantly increased, when compared to the leafhoppers under normal photoperiod (LD). Leafhoppers, especially females, changed their behavioral patterns to a two day cycle under DD. Under continuous illumination (continuous quartz lamp light, yellow light at night, and green light at night), the activities of locomotion, cleaning, and searching were significantly suppressed during the night (19:00-7:00) and locomotion activities of both females and males were significantly increased during the day (7:00-19:00), suggesting a shift in circadian rhythm. Our work suggests that changes in light conditions, including photoperiod and wavelength, can influence behavioral activities of leafhoppers, potentially affecting other life history traits such as reproduction and development, and may serve as a method for leafhopper behavioral control. |
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Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Fujian and Taiwan, China Ministry of Agriculture, Fuzhou, China |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28103237 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1625 |
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Proville, J.; Zavala-Araiza, D.; Wagner, G. |
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Title |
Night-time lights: A global, long term look at links to socio-economic trends |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0174610 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
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Abstract |
We use a parallelized spatial analytics platform to process the twenty-one year totality of the longest-running time series of night-time lights data-the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) dataset-surpassing the narrower scope of prior studies to assess changes in area lit of countries globally. Doing so allows a retrospective look at the global, long-term relationships between night-time lights and a series of socio-economic indicators. We find the strongest correlations with electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, followed by population, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, poverty (inverse) and F-gas emissions. Relating area lit to electricity consumption shows that while a basic linear model provides a good statistical fit, regional and temporal trends are found to have a significant impact. |
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John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28346500 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1645 |
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Author |
Freitas, J.R. de; Bennie, J.; Mantovani, W.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Exposure of tropical ecosystems to artificial light at night: Brazil as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0171655 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Artificial nighttime lighting from streetlights and other sources has a broad range of biological effects. Understanding the spatial and temporal levels and patterns of this lighting is a key step in determining the severity of adverse effects on different ecosystems, vegetation, and habitat types. Few such analyses have been conducted, particularly for regions with high biodiversity, including the tropics. We used an intercalibrated version of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images of stable nighttime lights to determine what proportion of original and current Brazilian vegetation types are experiencing measurable levels of artificial light and how this has changed in recent years. The percentage area affected by both detectable light and increases in brightness ranged between 0 and 35% for native vegetation types, and between 0 and 25% for current vegetation (i.e. including agriculture). The most heavily affected areas encompassed terrestrial coastal vegetation types (restingas and mangroves), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The existing small remnants of Lowland Deciduous and Semideciduous Seasonal Forests and of Campinarana had the lowest exposure levels to artificial light. Light pollution has not often been investigated in developing countries but our data show that it is an environmental concern. |
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Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom |
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1932-6203 |
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Notes |
PMID:28178352; PMCID:PMC5298803 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1650 |
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Author |
Secondi, J.; Dupont, V.; Davranche, A.; Mondy, N.; Lengagne, T.; Thery, M. |
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Title |
Variability of surface and underwater nocturnal spectral irradiance with the presence of clouds in urban and peri-urban wetlands |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
e0186808 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; Ecology |
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Abstract |
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. It causes a wealth of biological and ecological effects that may eventually affect populations and ecosystems. Despite the growing concern about ALAN, little is known about the light levels species are exposed to at night, especially for wetlands and underwater habitats. We determined nocturnal irradiance in urban and peri-urban wetlands above and under water, and assessed the effect of cloud cover on the variability of ALAN across the urban gradient. Even in aquatic habitats, cloud cover could increase irradiance beyond values observed during clear full moon nights. We report a negative relationship between baseline irradiance and the increase in irradiance during overcast nights. According to this result and previous studies, we propose that the change in the variation regime of ALAN between the urban center and rural land at its periphery is a usual feature. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of this spatial variation in the urban and peri-urban environment. |
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UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Mecanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Notes |
PMID:29117235; PMCID:PMC5695598 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1801 |
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