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Proville, J.; Zavala-Araiza, D.; Wagner, G. |
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Title |
Night-time lights: A global, long term look at links to socio-economic trends |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume  |
12 |
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3 |
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e0174610 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
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Abstract |
We use a parallelized spatial analytics platform to process the twenty-one year totality of the longest-running time series of night-time lights data-the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) dataset-surpassing the narrower scope of prior studies to assess changes in area lit of countries globally. Doing so allows a retrospective look at the global, long-term relationships between night-time lights and a series of socio-economic indicators. We find the strongest correlations with electricity consumption, CO2 emissions, and GDP, followed by population, CH4 emissions, N2O emissions, poverty (inverse) and F-gas emissions. Relating area lit to electricity consumption shows that while a basic linear model provides a good statistical fit, regional and temporal trends are found to have a significant impact. |
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John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, and Harvard University Center for the Environment, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28346500 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1645 |
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Author |
Freitas, J.R. de; Bennie, J.; Mantovani, W.; Gaston, K.J. |
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Title |
Exposure of tropical ecosystems to artificial light at night: Brazil as a case study |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
e0171655 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
Artificial nighttime lighting from streetlights and other sources has a broad range of biological effects. Understanding the spatial and temporal levels and patterns of this lighting is a key step in determining the severity of adverse effects on different ecosystems, vegetation, and habitat types. Few such analyses have been conducted, particularly for regions with high biodiversity, including the tropics. We used an intercalibrated version of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) images of stable nighttime lights to determine what proportion of original and current Brazilian vegetation types are experiencing measurable levels of artificial light and how this has changed in recent years. The percentage area affected by both detectable light and increases in brightness ranged between 0 and 35% for native vegetation types, and between 0 and 25% for current vegetation (i.e. including agriculture). The most heavily affected areas encompassed terrestrial coastal vegetation types (restingas and mangroves), Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, and Mixed Ombrophilous Forest. The existing small remnants of Lowland Deciduous and Semideciduous Seasonal Forests and of Campinarana had the lowest exposure levels to artificial light. Light pollution has not often been investigated in developing countries but our data show that it is an environmental concern. |
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Environment & Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:28178352; PMCID:PMC5298803 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1650 |
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Secondi, J.; Dupont, V.; Davranche, A.; Mondy, N.; Lengagne, T.; Thery, M. |
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Title |
Variability of surface and underwater nocturnal spectral irradiance with the presence of clouds in urban and peri-urban wetlands |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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12 |
Issue |
11 |
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e0186808 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow; Ecology |
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Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasing phenomenon worldwide. It causes a wealth of biological and ecological effects that may eventually affect populations and ecosystems. Despite the growing concern about ALAN, little is known about the light levels species are exposed to at night, especially for wetlands and underwater habitats. We determined nocturnal irradiance in urban and peri-urban wetlands above and under water, and assessed the effect of cloud cover on the variability of ALAN across the urban gradient. Even in aquatic habitats, cloud cover could increase irradiance beyond values observed during clear full moon nights. We report a negative relationship between baseline irradiance and the increase in irradiance during overcast nights. According to this result and previous studies, we propose that the change in the variation regime of ALAN between the urban center and rural land at its periphery is a usual feature. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of this spatial variation in the urban and peri-urban environment. |
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UMR 7179 CNRS-MNHN, Mecanismes Adaptatifs et Evolution, Brunoy, France |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:29117235; PMCID:PMC5695598 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1801 |
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Author |
Cheung, I.N.; Zee, P.C.; Shalman, D.; Malkani, R.G.; Kang, J.; Reid, K.J. |
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Title |
Morning and Evening Blue-Enriched Light Exposure Alters Metabolic Function in Normal Weight Adults |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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11 |
Issue |
5 |
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e0155601 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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Increasing evidence points to associations between light-dark exposure patterns, feeding behavior, and metabolism. This study aimed to determine the acute effects of 3 hours of morning versus evening blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light on hunger, metabolic function, and physiological arousal. Nineteen healthy adults completed this 4-day inpatient protocol under dim light conditions (<20lux). Participants were randomized to 3 hours of blue-enriched light exposure on Day 3 starting either 0.5 hours after wake (n = 9; morning group) or 10.5 hours after wake (n = 10; evening group). All participants remained in dim light on Day 2 to serve as their baseline. Subjective hunger and sleepiness scales were collected hourly. Blood was sampled at 30-minute intervals for 4 hours in association with the light exposure period for glucose, insulin, cortisol, leptin, and ghrelin. Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and area under the curve (AUC) for insulin, glucose, HOMA-IR and cortisol were calculated. Comparisons relative to baseline were done using t-tests and repeated measures ANOVAs. In both the morning and evening groups, insulin total area, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-IR AUC were increased and subjective sleepiness was reduced with blue-enriched light compared to dim light. The evening group, but not the morning group, had significantly higher glucose peak value during blue-enriched light exposure compared to dim light. There were no other significant differences between the morning or the evening groups in response to blue-enriched light exposure. Blue-enriched light exposure acutely alters glucose metabolism and sleepiness, however the mechanisms behind this relationship and its impacts on hunger and appetite regulation remain unclear. These results provide further support for a role of environmental light exposure in the regulation of metabolism. |
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Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:27191727 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1457 |
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Author |
Farnworth, B.; Innes, J.; Waas, J.R. |
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Title |
Converting Predation Cues into Conservation Tools: The Effect of Light on Mouse Foraging Behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e0145432 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Prey face a conflict between acquiring energy and avoiding predators and use both direct and indirect cues to assess predation risk. Illumination, an indirect cue, influences nocturnal rodent foraging behaviour. New Zealand holds no native rodent species but has introduced mice (Mus musculus) that severely impair native biodiversity. We used Giving-Up Densities (GUDs) and observations of foraging frequency and duration to assess if artificial light induces risk avoidance behaviour in mice and could limit their activity. We found both captive (wild strain) mice in outdoor pens and wild mice within a pest fenced sanctuary (Maungatautari, New Zealand) displayed avoidance behaviour in response to illumination. In captivity, total foraging effort was similar across lit and unlit pens but mice displayed a strong preference for removing seeds from dark control areas (mean: 15.33 SD: +/-11.64 per 3.5 hours) over illuminated areas (2.00 +/-3.44). Wild mice also removed fewer seeds from illuminated areas (0.42 +/-1.00 per 12 hours) compared to controls (6.67 +/-9.20). Captive mice spent less than 1.0% of available time at illuminated areas, versus 11.3% at controls; visited the lit areas less than control areas (12.00 +/- 9.77 versus 29.00 +/-21.58 visits respectively); and spent less time per visit at illuminated versus control areas (8.17 +/-7.83 versus 44.83 +/-87.52 seconds per visit respectively). Illumination could provide protection at ecologically sensitive sites, damaged exclusion fences awaiting repair, fence terminus zones of peninsula sanctuaries and shipping docks that service offshore islands. We promote the hypothesis that the tendency of mice to avoid illumination could be a useful conservation tool, and advance knowledge of risk assessment and foraging under perceived danger. |
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University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:26760039 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1339 |
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