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Author |
Duriscoe, D.M. |
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Title |
Measuring Anthropogenic Sky Glow Using a Natural Sky Brightness Model. |
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Journal Article |
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2013 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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125 |
Issue |
933 |
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1370-1382 |
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Skyglow |
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Abstract |
Anthropogenic sky glow (a result of light pollution) combines with the natural background brightness of the night sky when viewed by an observer on the earth’s surface. In order to measure the anthropogenic component accurately, the natural component must be identified and subtracted. A model of the moonless natural sky brightness in the V-band was constructed from existing data on the Zodiacal Light, an airglow model based on the van Rhijn function, and a model of integrated starlight (including diffuse galactic light) constructed from images made with the same equipment used for sky brightness observations. The model also incorporates effective extinction by the atmosphere and is improved at high zenith angles (>80°) by the addition of atmospheric diffuse light. The model may be projected onto local horizon coordinates for a given observation at a resolution of 0.05° over the hemisphere of the sky, allowing it to be accurately registered with data images obtained from any site. Zodiacal Light and integrated starlight models compare favorably with observations from remote dark sky sites, matching within ± 8 nL over 95% of the sky. The natural airglow may be only approximately modeled, errors of up to ± 25 nL are seen when the airglow is rapidly changing or has considerable character (banding); ± 8 nL precision may be expected under favorable conditions. When subtracted from all-sky brightness data images, the model significantly improves estimates of sky glow from anthropogenic sources, especially at sites that experience slight to moderate light pollution. |
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LoNNe @ christopher.kyba @ |
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539 |
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Walker, M.F. |
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Title |
The effects of urban lighting on the brightness of the night sky |
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1977 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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89 |
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529 |
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Skyglow |
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A new study of urban lighting and its effect on the brightness of the night sky indicates: (1) The total light output of cities of similar economic development is at least approximately proportional to their populations. (2) The artificial illumination of the night sky at 45 ° altitude in the direction of the illuminating city varies as I∝ D¯²⁵ .(3) The distance at which cities of a given population produce a brightening of the sky of 0.2 magnitude at 45° altitude toward the city varies as P∝ D2.5 . |
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561 |
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Hoag, A.A. |
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Title |
City Sky Glow Monitoring at Kitt Peak. |
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1973 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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85 |
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507 |
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503-507 |
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Skyglow |
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Photographs of night sky have been taken from Kitt Peak on clear moonless nights to provide a record of changes in contamination from artificial lights. Quantitative measures confirm the obvious qualitative impression that city sky-glow brightness is increasing as is the case at most existing observatory sites. |
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565 |
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Walker, M.F. |
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Title |
Light Pollution in California and Arizona. |
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1973 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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85 |
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507 |
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508-519 |
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Skyglow |
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The present and future effect of artificial illumination on ground-based optical astronomical observations in California and Arizona is discussed. It is concluded that the effectiveness of all major observatories in these states is presently or potentially limited by light pollution. Consequently, it is essential that immediate efforts be undertaken to: (1) Control outdoor illumination to lengthen the useful life of existing observatory sites, and (2) Identify and protect the best remaining sites both within and outside the United States. The characteristics and probable locations of the best sites for ground-based optical astronomical observations are discussed. |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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567 |
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Walker, M.F. |
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The California Site Survey. |
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1970 |
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Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific |
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82 |
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672-698 |
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Skyglow |
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LoNNe @ kagoburian @ |
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568 |
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