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Ludvigsen, M.; Berge, J.; Geoffroy, M.; Cohen, J.H.; De La Torre, P.R.; Nornes, S.M.; Singh, H.; Sorensen, A.J.; Daase, M.; Johnsen, G. |
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Title |
Use of an Autonomous Surface Vehicle reveals small-scale diel vertical migrations of zooplankton and susceptibility to light pollution under low solar irradiance |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Science Advances |
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Sci Adv |
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4 |
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1 |
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eaap9887 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology |
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Light is a major cue for nearly all life on Earth. However, most of our knowledge concerning the importance of light is based on organisms' response to light during daytime, including the dusk and dawn phase. When it is dark, light is most often considered as pollution, with increasing appreciation of its negative ecological effects. Using an Autonomous Surface Vehicle fitted with a hyperspectral irradiance sensor and an acoustic profiler, we detected and quantified the behavior of zooplankton in an unpolluted light environment in the high Arctic polar night and compared the results with that from a light-polluted environment close to our research vessels. First, in environments free of light pollution, the zooplankton community is intimately connected to the ambient light regime and performs synchronized diel vertical migrations in the upper 30 m despite the sun never rising above the horizon. Second, the vast majority of the pelagic community exhibits a strong light-escape response in the presence of artificial light, observed down to 100 m. We conclude that artificial light from traditional sampling platforms affects the zooplankton community to a degree where it is impossible to examine its abundance and natural rhythms within the upper 100 m. This study underscores the need to adjust sampling platforms, particularly in dim-light conditions, to capture relevant physical and biological data for ecological studies. It also highlights a previously unchartered susceptibility to light pollution in a region destined to see significant changes in light climate due to a reduced ice cover and an increased anthropogenic activity. |
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Centre for Autonomous Operations and Systems, Department of Biology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway |
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2375-2548 |
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PMID:29326985; PMCID:PMC5762190 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1806 |
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Mard, J.; Di Baldassarre, G.; Mazzoleni, M. |
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Title |
Nighttime light data reveal how flood protection shapes human proximity to rivers |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Adv |
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4 |
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8 |
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eaar5779 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
To understand the spatiotemporal changes of flood risk, we need to determine the way in which humans adapt and respond to flood events. One adaptation option consists of resettling away from flood-prone areas to prevent or reduce future losses. We use satellite nighttime light data to discern the relationship between long-term changes in human proximity to rivers and the occurrence of catastrophic flood events. Moreover, we explore how these relationships are influenced by different levels of structural flood protection. We found that societies with low protection levels tend to resettle further away from the river after damaging flood events. Conversely, societies with high protection levels show no significant changes in human proximity to rivers. Instead, such societies continue to rely heavily on structural measures, reinforcing flood protection and quickly resettling in flood-prone areas after a flooding event. Our work reveals interesting aspects of human adaptation to flood risk and offers key insights for comparing different risk reduction strategies. In addition, this study provides a framework that can be used to further investigate human response to floods, which is relevant as urbanization of floodplains continues and puts more people and economic assets at risk. |
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IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, 2611 AX Delft, Netherlands |
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2375-2548 |
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PMID:30140738; PMCID:PMC6105301 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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1989 |
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Dunster, G.P.; de la Iglesia, L.; Ben-Hamo, M.; Nave, C.; Fleischer, J.G.; Panda, S.; de la Iglesia, H.O. |
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Sleepmore in Seattle: Later school start times are associated with more sleep and better performance in high school students |
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Journal Article |
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2018 |
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Science Advances |
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Sci. Adv. |
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4 |
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12 |
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eaau6200 |
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Human Health |
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Most teenagers are chronically sleep deprived. One strategy proposed to lengthen adolescent sleep is to delay secondary school start times. This would allow students to wake up later without shifting their bedtime, which is biologically determined by the circadian clock, resulting in a net increase in sleep. So far, there is no objective quantitative data showing that a single intervention such as delaying the school start time significantly increases daily sleep. The Seattle School District delayed the secondary school start time by nearly an hour. We carried out a pre-/post-research study and show that there was an increase in the daily median sleep duration of 34 min, associated with a 4.5% increase in the median grades of the students and an improvement in attendance. |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2131 |
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Kyba, C.C.M.; Kuester, T.; Sánchez de Miguel, A.; Baugh, K.; Jechow, A.; Hölker, F.; Bennie, J.; Elvidge, C.; Gaston, K.; Guanter, L. |
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Title |
Artificially lit surface of Earth at night increasing in radiance and extent |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
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Sci Adv |
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Volume |
3 |
Issue |
11 |
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e1701528 |
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Remote Sensing; Suomi NPP; VIIRS; light pollution; *economics |
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A central aim of the â??lighting revolutionâ? (the transition to solid-state lighting technology) is decreased energy consumption. This could be undermined by a rebound effect of increased use in response to lowered cost of light. We use the first-ever calibrated satellite radiometer designed for night lights to show that from 2012 to 2016, Earthâ??s artificially lit outdoor area grew by 2.2% per year, with a total radiance growth of 1.8% per year. Continuously lit areas brightened at a rate of 2.2% per year. Large differences in national growth rates were observed, with lighting remaining stable or decreasing in only a few countries. These data are not consistent with global scale energy reductions but rather indicate increased light pollution, with corresponding negative consequences for flora, fauna, and human well-being. |
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GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam 14473, Germany; kyba(at)gfz-potsdam.de |
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AAAS |
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English |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1789 |
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Author |
Walch, O.J.; Cochran, A.; Forger, D.B. |
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Title |
A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science Advances |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e1501705-e1501705 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep; *Circadian Rhythm; smartphone; society |
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The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country’s average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes “normal†sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis. |
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2375-2548 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1440 |
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