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Author |
Macgregor, C.J.; Evans, D.M.; Fox, R.; Pocock, M.J.O. |
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Title |
The dark side of street lighting: impacts on moths and evidence for the disruption of nocturnal pollen transport |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Global Change Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Glob Chang Biol |
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Volume |
23 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
697-707 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Ecology |
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Abstract  |
Among drivers of environmental change, artificial light at night is relatively poorly understood, yet is increasing on a global scale. The community-level effects of existing street lights on moths and their biotic interactions have not previously been studied. Using a combination of sampling methods at matched-pairs of lit and unlit sites, we found significant effects of street lighting: moth abundance at ground level was halved at lit sites, species richness was >25% lower, and flight activity at the level of the light was 70% greater. Furthermore, we found that 23% of moths carried pollen of at least 28 plant species and that there was a consequent overall reduction in pollen transport at lit sites. These findings support the disruptive impact of lights on moth activity, which is one proposed mechanism driving moth declines, and suggest that street lighting potentially impacts upon pollination by nocturnal invertebrates. We highlight the importance of considering both direct and cascading impacts of artificial light. |
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Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Maclean Building, Benson Lane, Crowmarsh Gifford, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BB, UK |
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English |
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1354-1013 |
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PMID:27251575 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1520 |
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Author |
Sharma, R.C.; Tateishi, R.; Hara, K.; Gharechelou, S.; Iizuka, K. |
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Title |
Global mapping of urban built-up areas of year 2014 by combining MODIS multispectral data with VIIRS nighttime light data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Journal of Digital Earth |
Abbreviated Journal |
International Journal of Digital Earth |
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Pages |
1-17 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
An improved methodology for the extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas at a global scale is presented in this study. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based multispectral data were combined with the Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-based nighttime light (NTL) data for robust extraction and mapping of urban built-up areas. The MODIS-based newly proposed Urban Built-up Index (UBI) was combined with NTL data, and the resulting Enhanced UBI (EUBI) was used as a single master image for global extraction of urban built-up areas. Due to higher variation of the EUBI with respect to geographical regions, a region-specific threshold approach was used to extract urban built-up areas. This research provided 500-m-resolution global urban built-up map of year 2014. The resulted map was compared with three existing moderate-resolution global maps and one high-resolution map in the United States. The comparative analysis demonstrated finer details of the urban built-up cover estimated by the resultant map. |
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1753-8947 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1423 |
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Author |
Delhey, K.; Peters, A. |
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Title |
Implications for conservation of anthropogenic impacts on visual communication and camouflage |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conserv Biol |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
30-39 |
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Keywords |
Conservation |
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Abstract |
Anthropogenic environmental impacts can disrupt the sensory environment of animals and affect important processes from mate choice to predator avoidance. Currently these effects are best understood for auditory and chemo-sensory modalities and recent reviews highlight their importance for conservation. Here we summarise how anthropogenic changes to the visual environment (ambient light, transmission, backgrounds) affect visual communication and camouflage, and highlight implications for conservation. These implications are particularly evident for disrupted camouflage due to its tight links with survival while the conservation importance of impaired visual communication is less well-documented. Such effects can be potentially severe when they affect critical processes such as pollination or species recognition. However, when impaired mate choice does not lead to hybridization, the conservation consequences are less clear. We suggest that the demographic effects of human impacts on visual communication and camouflage will be particularly strong when: (a) human-induced modifications to the visual environment are evolutionary novel, that is, very different from natural variation, (b) affected species and populations have low levels of intraspecific (genotypic and phenotypic) variation and low levels of behavioural, sensory or physiological plasticity and (c) the processes affected are directly related to survival (camouflage), species recognition, or number of offspring produced, rather than offspring quality or attractiveness. The evidence summarized here suggests that anthropogenic effects on the visual environment might be of similar conservation concerns as those on other sensory modalities. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
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25 Rainforest Walk, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, 3800, Clayton, Victoria, Australia |
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English |
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0888-8892 |
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PMID:27604521 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1525 |
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Author |
Watson, M.J.; Wilson, D.R.; Mennill, D.J. |
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Title |
Anthropogenic light is associated with increased vocal activity by nocturnally migrating birds |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Condor |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Condor |
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Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
338-344 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Anthropogenic modifications to the natural environment have profound effects on wild animals, through structural changes to natural ecosystems as well as anthropogenic disturbances such as light and noise. For animals that migrate nocturnally, anthropogenic light can interfere with migration routes, flight altitudes, and social activities that accompany migration, such as acoustic communication. We investigated the effect of anthropogenic light on nocturnal migration of birds through the Great Lakes ecosystem. Specifically, we recorded the vocal activity of migrating birds and compared the number of nocturnal flight calls produced above rural areas with ground-level artificial lights compared to nearby areas without lights. We show that more nocturnal flight calls are detected over artificially lit areas. The median number of nocturnal flight calls recorded at sites with artificial lights (31 per night, interquartile range: 15–135) was 3 times higher than at nearby sites without artificial lights (11 per night, interquartile range: 4–39). By contrast, the number of species detected at lit and unlit sites did not differ significantly (artificially lit sites: 6.5 per night, interquartile range: 5.0–8.8; unlit sites: 4.5 per night, interquartile range: 2.0–7.0). We conclude that artificial lighting changes the behavior of nocturnally migrating birds. The increased detections could be a result of ground-level light sources altering bird behavior during migration. For example, birds might have changed their migratory route to pass over lit areas, flown at lower altitudes over lit areas, increased their calling rate over lit areas, or remained longer over lit areas. Our results for ground-level lights correspond to previous findings demonstrating that migratory birds are influenced by lights on tall structures. |
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0010-5422 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1422 |
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Author |
Shafiei Sabet, S.; Van Dooren, D.; Slabbekoorn, H. |
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Title |
Son et lumiere: Sound and light effects on spatial distribution and swimming behavior in captive zebrafish |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Environ Pollut |
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Volume |
212 |
Issue |
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Pages |
480-488 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Aquatic and terrestrial habitats are heterogeneous by nature with respect to sound and light conditions. Fish may extract signals and exploit cues from both ambient modalities and they may also select their sound and light level of preference in free-ranging conditions. In recent decades, human activities in or near water have altered natural soundscapes and caused nocturnal light pollution to become more widespread. Artificial sound and light may cause anxiety, deterrence, disturbance or masking, but few studies have addressed in any detail how fishes respond to spatial variation in these two modalities. Here we investigated whether sound and light affected spatial distribution and swimming behavior of individual zebrafish that had a choice between two fish tanks: a treatment tank and a quiet and light escape tank. The treatments concerned a 2 x 2 design with noisy or quiet conditions and dim or bright light. Sound and light treatments did not induce spatial preferences for the treatment or escape tank, but caused various behavioral changes in both spatial distribution and swimming behavior within the treatment tank. Sound exposure led to more freezing and less time spent near the active speaker. Dim light conditions led to a lower number of crossings, more time spent in the upper layer and less time spent close to the tube for crossing. No interactions were found between sound and light conditions. This study highlights the potential relevance for studying multiple modalities when investigating fish behavior and further studies are needed to investigate whether similar patterns can be found for fish behavior in free-ranging conditions. |
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Behavioral Biology, Institute of Biology Leiden (IBL), Leiden University, The Netherlands |
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English |
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ISSN |
0269-7491 |
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PMID:26963699 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1369 |
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