| Records |
| Author |
Last, K. S.; Hobbs, L.; Berge, J.; Brierley, A. S.; Cottier, F. |
| Title |
Moonlight Drives Ocean-Scale Mass Vertical Migration of Zooplankton during the Arctic Winter |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Current Biology |
| Volume |
26 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
244-251 |
| Keywords |
animals |
Abstract  |
In extreme high-latitude marine environments that are without solar illumination in winter, light-mediated patterns of biological migration have historically been considered non-existent [ 1 ]. However, diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton has been shown to occur even during the darkest part of the polar night, when illumination levels are exceptionally low [ 2, 3 ]. This paradox is, as yet, unexplained. Here, we present evidence of an unexpected uniform behavior across the entire Arctic, in fjord, shelf, slope and open sea, where vertical migrations of zooplankton are driven by lunar illumination. A shift from solar-day (24-hr period) to lunar-day (24.8-hr period) vertical migration takes place in winter when the moon rises above the horizon. Further, mass sinking of zooplankton from the surface waters and accumulation at a depth of ∼50 m occurs every 29.5 days in winter, coincident with the periods of full moon. Moonlight may enable predation of zooplankton by carnivorous zooplankters, fish, and birds now known to feed during the polar night [ 4 ]. Although primary production is almost nil at this time, lunar vertical migration (LVM) may facilitate monthly pulses of carbon remineralization, as they occur continuously in illuminated mesopelagic systems [ 5 ], due to community respiration of carnivorous and detritivorous zooplankton. The extent of LVM during the winter suggests that the behavior is highly conserved and adaptive and therefore needs to be considered as “baseline†zooplankton activity in a changing Arctic ocean [ 6–9 ]. |
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| ISSN |
0960-9822 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1329 |
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| Author |
Zhao, X.; Shi, H.; Yu, H.; Yang, P. |
| Title |
Inversion of Nighttime PM2.5 Mass Concentration in Beijing Based on the VIIRS Day-Night Band |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Atmosphere |
Abbreviated Journal |
Atmosphere |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
10 |
Pages |
136 |
| Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
| Abstract |
In order to monitor nighttime particular matter (PM) air quality in urban area, a back propagation neural network (BP neural network) inversion model is established, using low-light radiation data from the day/night band (DNB) of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) aboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (S-NPP) satellite. The study focuses on the moonless and cloudless nights in Beijing during March–May 2015. A test is carried out by selecting surface PM2.5 data from 12 PM2.5 automatic monitoring stations and the corresponding night city light intensity from DNB. As indicated by the results, the linear correlation coefficient (R) between the results and the corresponding measured surface PM2.5 concentration is 0.91, and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) is 14.02 μg/m3 with the average of 59.39 μg/m3. Furthermore, the BP neural network model shows better accuracy when air relative humility ranges from 40% to 80% and surface PM2.5 concentration exceeds 40 μg/m3. The study provides a superiority approach for monitoring PM2.5 air quality from space with visible light remote sensing data at night. |
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| ISSN |
2073-4433 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1546 |
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Chaput, J.-P.; Weippert, M.; LeBlanc, A.G.; Hjorth, M.F.; Michaelsen, K.F.; Katzmarzyk, P.T.; Tremblay, M.S.; Barreira, T.V.; Broyles, S.T.; Fogelholm, M.; Hu, G.; Kuriyan, R.; Kurpad, A.; Lambert, E.V.; Maher, C.; Maia, J.; Matsudo, V.; Olds, T.; Onywera, V.; Sarmiento, O.L.; Standage, M.; Tudor-Locke, C.; Zhao, P.; Sjodin, A.M. |
| Title |
Are Children Like Werewolves? Full Moon and Its Association with Sleep and Activity Behaviors in an International Sample of Children |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Pediatr |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
24 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Moonlight |
| Abstract |
In order to verify if the full moon is associated with sleep and activity behaviors, we used a 12-country study providing 33,710 24-h accelerometer recordings of sleep and activity. The present observational, cross-sectional study included 5812 children ages 9-11 years from study sites that represented all inhabited continents and wide ranges of human development (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, United Kingdom, and United States). Three moon phases were used in this analysis: full moon (+/-4 days; reference), half moon (+/-5-9 days), and new moon (+/-10-14 days) from nearest full moon. Nocturnal sleep duration, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and total sedentary time (SED) were monitored over seven consecutive days using a waist-worn accelerometer worn 24 h a day. Only sleep duration was found to significantly differ between moon phases (~5 min/night shorter during full moon compared to new moon). Differences in MVPA, LPA, and SED between moon phases were negligible and non-significant (<2 min/day difference). There was no difference in the associations between study sites. In conclusion, sleep duration was 1% shorter at full moon compared to new moon, while activity behaviors were not significantly associated with the lunar cycle in this global sample of children. Whether this seemingly minimal difference is clinically meaningful is questionable. |
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University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
2296-2360 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27047907; PMCID:PMC4805596 |
Approved |
no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1556 |
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| Author |
Mavraki, N.; Georgiadis, M.; Koutsikopoulos, C.; Tzanatos, E. |
| Title |
Unravelling the nocturnal appearance of bogue Boops boops shoals in the anthropogenically modified shallow littoral |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Fish Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Fish Biol |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Animals; artificial habitats; coastal zone; fish behaviour; nocturnal migration; predation avoidance; Boops boops; fish |
| Abstract |
In the present study the role of the nocturnal migration of bogue Boops boops shoals to anthropogenically modified shallow littoral locations was examined, evaluating four alternative hypotheses: (1) feeding, (2) reproduction, (3) attraction of B. boops to artificial light and (4) concealment in the darkness related to predation avoidance. All hypotheses apart from predation avoidance were rejected, as B. boops tended to concentrate in shaded locations of wider illuminated areas, a finding not only important concerning fish behaviour, but also with significant management implications. |
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Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece; ninon.mavraki(at)gmail.com |
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FSBI |
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English |
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English |
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0022-1112 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27094613 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1447 |
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| Author |
Sliney, D.H. |
| Title |
What is light? The visible spectrum and beyond |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Eye (London, England) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eye (Lond) |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Human Health; human vision; spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum; visible; *Ultraviolet Rays; light |
| Abstract |
In this International Year of Light, it is particularly appropriate to review the historical concept of what is light and the controversies surrounding the extent of the visible spectrum. Today we recognize that light possesses both a wave and particle nature. It is also clear that the limits of visibility really extend from about 310 nm in the ultraviolet (in youth) to about 1100 nm in the near-infrared, but depend very much on the radiance, that is, 'brightness' of the light source. The spectral content of artificial lighting are undergoing very significant changes in our lifetime, and the full biological implications of the spectral content of newer lighting technologies remain to be fully explored. |
| Address |
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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English |
Summary Language |
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0950-222X |
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| Notes |
PMID:26768917 |
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no |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1337 |
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