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Author |
Sliney, D.H. |
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Title |
What is light? The visible spectrum and beyond |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Eye (London, England) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eye (Lond) |
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Keywords |
Human Health; human vision; spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum; visible; *Ultraviolet Rays; light |
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Abstract |
In this International Year of Light, it is particularly appropriate to review the historical concept of what is light and the controversies surrounding the extent of the visible spectrum. Today we recognize that light possesses both a wave and particle nature. It is also clear that the limits of visibility really extend from about 310 nm in the ultraviolet (in youth) to about 1100 nm in the near-infrared, but depend very much on the radiance, that is, 'brightness' of the light source. The spectral content of artificial lighting are undergoing very significant changes in our lifetime, and the full biological implications of the spectral content of newer lighting technologies remain to be fully explored. |
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Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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English |
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0950-222X |
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PMID:26768917 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1337 |
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Author |
Yang, Y.-F.; Jiang, J.-S.; Pan, J.-M.; Ying, Y.-B.; Wang, X.-S.; Zhang, M.-L.; Lu, M.-S.; Chen, X.-H. |
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Title |
The relationship of spectral sensitivity with growth and reproductive response in avian breeders (Gallus gallus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
6 |
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Pages |
19291 |
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Keywords |
Animals; birds; Gallus gallus; spectrum; *Reproduction; photobiology; biology |
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Abstract |
A previous study demonstrated that birds that are exposed to light at night develop advanced reproductive systems. However, spectrum might also affect the photoperiodic response of birds. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of spectral composition on the growth and reproductive physiology of female breeders, using pure light-emitting diode spectra. A total of 1,000 newly hatched female avian breeders (Gallus gallus) were equally allocated to white-, red-, yellow-, green- and blue-light treated groups. We found that blue-light treated birds had a greater and faster weight gain than did red- and yellow-light treated birds (P = 0.02 and 0.05). The red light expedited the sexual maturation of the chicks, whose age at sexual maturity was 7 and 14 days earlier than that of the green- and blue-light treated birds, respectively. The accumulative egg production of the red-light treated birds was 9 and 8 eggs more than that of the blue- and green-light treated birds. The peak lay rate of the red-light treated groups was significantly greater than the blue-light treated birds (P = 0.028). In conclusion, exposure to short-wavelength light appears to promote growth of female breeder birds, whereas exposure to long-wavelength light appears to accelerate reproductive performance. |
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Zhejiang Guangda Breeding Poultry Corporation, Jiaxing 314423, China |
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English |
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ISSN |
2045-2322 |
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PMID:26765747 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1338 |
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Author |
Farnworth, B.; Innes, J.; Waas, J.R. |
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Title |
Converting Predation Cues into Conservation Tools: The Effect of Light on Mouse Foraging Behaviour |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
e0145432 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
Prey face a conflict between acquiring energy and avoiding predators and use both direct and indirect cues to assess predation risk. Illumination, an indirect cue, influences nocturnal rodent foraging behaviour. New Zealand holds no native rodent species but has introduced mice (Mus musculus) that severely impair native biodiversity. We used Giving-Up Densities (GUDs) and observations of foraging frequency and duration to assess if artificial light induces risk avoidance behaviour in mice and could limit their activity. We found both captive (wild strain) mice in outdoor pens and wild mice within a pest fenced sanctuary (Maungatautari, New Zealand) displayed avoidance behaviour in response to illumination. In captivity, total foraging effort was similar across lit and unlit pens but mice displayed a strong preference for removing seeds from dark control areas (mean: 15.33 SD: +/-11.64 per 3.5 hours) over illuminated areas (2.00 +/-3.44). Wild mice also removed fewer seeds from illuminated areas (0.42 +/-1.00 per 12 hours) compared to controls (6.67 +/-9.20). Captive mice spent less than 1.0% of available time at illuminated areas, versus 11.3% at controls; visited the lit areas less than control areas (12.00 +/- 9.77 versus 29.00 +/-21.58 visits respectively); and spent less time per visit at illuminated versus control areas (8.17 +/-7.83 versus 44.83 +/-87.52 seconds per visit respectively). Illumination could provide protection at ecologically sensitive sites, damaged exclusion fences awaiting repair, fence terminus zones of peninsula sanctuaries and shipping docks that service offshore islands. We promote the hypothesis that the tendency of mice to avoid illumination could be a useful conservation tool, and advance knowledge of risk assessment and foraging under perceived danger. |
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University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand |
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English |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Notes |
PMID:26760039 |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1339 |
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Author |
Gao, X.; Li, X.; Zhang, M.; Chi, L.; Song, C.; Liu, Y. |
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Title |
Effects of LED light quality on the growth, survival and metamorphosis ofHaliotis discus hannaiIno larvae |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Aquaculture Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Aquac Res |
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Volume |
47 |
Issue |
12 |
Pages |
3705–3717 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Haliotis discus hannai Ino; larva; LED light quality; initial stage of lighting; embryonic development; abalone; photobiology |
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Abstract |
Light is a key environmental factor influencing the growth, development and survival of aquatic organisms. We examined the effects of different light qualities (red, orange, white, blue, green or no light) and developmental stage at initial lighting [fertilized egg (FE), trochophore larva (TL), or eye-spot larva (EL)] on the growth, development, and survival of larvae of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino. Larva-hatching success was significantly higher under blue, green, or no light compared with red, orange or white light (P < 0.05). Larval abnormalities were significantly increased under red, orange or white light compared with all other light qualities (P < 0.05). The incidence of metamorphosis in larvae illuminated from the TL stage was significantly higher under blue compared with other light qualities. Irrespective of the stage at initial illumination, the incidence of metamorphosis was lower in larvae cultured under red, orange or no light compared with other light qualities, but the differences were not significant (P > 0.05). Juvenile survival was significantly higher under blue or green compared with other light qualities (P < 0.05), with no significant effect of stage at initial illumination (P > 0.05). Larval size at completion of the shell was unaffected by stage at initial illumination, but was greater under blue or green light, while size at metamorphosis was greatest following illumination with blue or green light since the TL or EL stage (P < 0.05). Metamorphosis time was shortest with blue or green light and in cultures illuminated from the FE or TL stage (P < 0.05). Larval development from the FE to formation of the fourth tubule on the cephalic tentacles was fastest in larvae exposed since the FE or TL stage to blue or green light, compared with other light qualities (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in terms of the rate of development from the FE to the TL stage between cultures lit or unlit since the FE egg stage (P > 0.05). These results suggest that a blue or green light source applied from the TL stage can increase the hatching and yield of H. discus hannai Ino, with important implications for the development of the aquaculture industry. |
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Address |
Research and Development Center of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China; 18354292961(at)163.com. |
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Publisher |
Wiley |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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1355557X |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1340 |
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Author |
Jing, X.; Shao, X.; Cao, C.; Fu, X.; Yan, L. |
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Title |
Comparison between the Suomi-NPP Day-Night Band and DMSP-OLS for Correlating Socio-Economic Variables at the Provincial Level in China |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing |
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Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
17 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Economics |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
2072-4292 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1343 |
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