| Records |
| Author |
Xu, M.; He, C.; Liu, Z.; Dou, Y. |
| Title |
How Did Urban Land Expand in China between 1992 and 2015? A Multi-Scale Landscape Analysis |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e0154839 |
| Keywords |
remote sensing |
| Abstract |
Effective and timely quantification of the spatiotemporal pattern of urban expansion in China is important for the assessment of its environmental effects. However, the dynamics of the most recent urban expansions in China since 2012 have not yet been adequately explained due to a lack of current information. In this paper, our objective was to quantify spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion in China between 1992 and 2015. First, we extracted information on urban expansion in China between 1992 and 2015 by integrating nighttime light data, vegetation index data, and land surface temperature data. Then we analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of urban expansion at the national and regional scales, as well as at that of urban agglomerations. We found that China experienced a rapid and large-scale process of urban expansion between 1992 and 2015, with urban land increasing from 1.22 x 104 km2 to 7.29 x 104 km2, increasing in size nearly fivefold and with an average annual growth rate of 8.10%, almost 2.5 times as rapid as the global average. We also found that urban land in China expanded mainly by occupying 3.31 x 104 km2 of cropland, which comprised 54.67% of the total area of expanded urban land. Among the three modes of growth-infilling, edge expansion, and leapfrog-edge expansion was the main cause of cropland loss. Cropland loss resulting from edge expansion of urban land totalled 2.51 x 104 km2, accounting for over 75% of total cropland loss. We suggest that effective future management with respect to edge expansion of urban land is needed to protect cropland in China. |
| Address |
Academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China |
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| Language |
English |
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| ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27144589; PMCID:PMC4856333 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1438 |
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| Author |
Degen, T.; Mitesser, O.; Perkin, E.K.; Weiss, N.-S.; Oehlert, M.; Mattig, E.; Hölker, F. |
| Title |
Street lighting: sex-independent impacts on moth movement |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Journal of Animal Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Anim Ecol |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
Biology |
| Abstract |
1.Artificial lights have become an integral and welcome part of our urban and peri-urban environments. However, recent research has highlighted the potentially negative ecological consequences of ubiquitous artificial light. In particular, insects, especially moths, are expected to be negatively impacted by the presence of artificial lights. Previous research with light traps has shown a male-biased attraction to light in moths. 2.In this study, we sought to determine if street lights could limit moth dispersal and if there was any sex bias in attraction to light. More specifically, we aimed to determine sex specific attraction radii for moths to street lights. 3.We tested these hypotheses by collecting moths for two years at an experimental setup. To estimate the attraction radii we developed a Markov model and related it to the acquired data. 4.Utilizing multinomial statistics, we found that attraction rates to lights in the middle of the matrix were substantially lower than predicted by the null hypothesis of equal attraction level (0.44 times). With the Markov model, we estimated that a corner-light was 2.77 times more attractive than a wing-light with an equivalent attraction radius of c. 23m around each light. We found neither sexual differences in the attraction rate nor in the attraction radius of males and females. Since we captured three times more males than females, we conclude that sex ratios are representative of operational sex ratios or of different flight activities. 5.These results provide evidence for street lights to limit moth dispersal, and that they seem to act equally on male and female moths. Consequently, public lighting might divide a suitable landscape into many small habitats. Therefore, it is reasonable to assume i) that public lighting near hedges and bushes or field margins reduces the quality of these important habitat structures, and ii) that public lighting near important habitat structures but not interfering with local movement may affect moth movement between patches. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. |
| Address |
Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany |
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English |
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0021-8790 |
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| Notes |
PMID:27146262 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1439 |
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| Author |
Walch, O.J.; Cochran, A.; Forger, D.B. |
| Title |
A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science Advances |
| Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e1501705-e1501705 |
| Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep; *Circadian Rhythm; smartphone; society |
| Abstract |
The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country’s average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes “normal†sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis. |
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| ISSN |
2375-2548 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1440 |
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| Author |
Aubé, M.; Kocifaj, M. |
| Title |
Editorial: Special issue on remote sensing of light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
| Volume |
181 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1 |
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Commentary |
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0022-4073 |
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Approved |
no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1441 |
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| Author |
WDS Killgore |
| Title |
Lighting the Way to Better Sleep and Health |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and Care |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Sleep Disor: Treat Care |
| Volume |
05 |
Issue |
01 |
Pages |
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| Keywords |
Health; Editorial |
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| ISSN |
2325-9639 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1442 |
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