| |
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Stockl, A.L.; O'Carroll, D.C.; Warrant, E.J. |
|
| |
Title |
Neural Summation in the Hawkmoth Visual System Extends the Limits of Vision in Dim Light |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Current Biology : CB |
Abbreviated Journal |
Curr Biol |
|
| |
Volume |
26 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages  |
821-826 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Vision; Animals |
|
| |
Abstract |
Most of the world's animals are active in dim light and depend on good vision for the tasks of daily life. Many have evolved visual adaptations that permit a performance superior to that of manmade imaging devices [1]. In insects, a major model visual system, nocturnal species show impressive visual abilities ranging from flight control [2, 3], to color discrimination [4, 5], to navigation using visual landmarks [6-8] or dim celestial compass cues [9, 10]. In addition to optical adaptations that improve their sensitivity in dim light [11], neural summation of light in space and time-which enhances the coarser and slower features of the scene at the expense of noisier finer and faster features-has been suggested to improve sensitivity in theoretical [12-14], anatomical [15-17], and behavioral [18-20] studies. How these summation strategies function neurally is, however, presently unknown. Here, we quantified spatial and temporal summation in the motion vision pathway of a nocturnal hawkmoth. We show that spatial and temporal summation combine supralinearly to substantially increase contrast sensitivity and visual information rate over four decades of light intensity, enabling hawkmoths to see at light levels 100 times dimmer than without summation. Our results reveal how visual motion is calculated neurally in dim light and how spatial and temporal summation improve sensitivity while simultaneously maximizing spatial and temporal resolution, thus extending models of insect motion vision derived predominantly from diurnal flies. Moreover, the summation strategies we have revealed may benefit manmade vision systems optimized for variable light levels [21]. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Biology, University of Lund, Solvegatan 35, 22362 Lund, Sweden |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0960-9822 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:26948877 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1374 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Rybnikova, N.A.; Haim, A.; Portnov, B.A. |
|
| |
Title |
Does artificial light-at-night exposure contribute to the worldwide obesity pandemic? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
International Journal of Obesity (2005) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Int J Obes (Lond) |
|
| |
Volume |
40 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
815-824 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Human Health |
|
| |
Abstract |
BACKGROUND: Worldwide overweight and obesity rates are on the rise, with about 1 900 billion adults being defined as overweight and about 600 million adults being defined as obese by the World Health Organization (WHO). Increasing exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) may influence body mass, by suppression of melatonin production and disruption of daily rhythms, resulting in physiological or behavioral changes in the human body, and may thus become a driving force behind worldwide overweight and obesity pandemic. METHODS: We analyzed most recent satellite images of night time illumination, available from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), combining them with country-level data on female and male overweight and obesity prevalence rates, reported by the WHO. The study aims to identify and measure the strength of association between ALAN and country-wide overweight and obesity rates, controlling for per capita GDP, level of urbanization, birth rate, food consumption and regional differences. RESULTS: ALAN emerged as a statistically significant and positive predictor of overweight and obesity (t>1.97; P<0.05), helping to explain, together with other factors, about 70% of the observed variation of overweight and obesity prevalence rates among females and males in more than 80 countries worldwide. Regional differences in the strength of association between ALAN and excessive body mass are also noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first population-level study that confirms the results of laboratory research and cohort studies in which ALAN was found to be a contributing factor to excessive body mass in humans.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 23 February 2016; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.255. |
|
| |
Address |
Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0307-0565 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:26795746 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1381 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Lagiou, P. |
|
| |
Title |
Shedding light on the role of circadian disruption in breast cancer etiology |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
European Journal of Epidemiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur J Epidemiol |
|
| |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
807-810 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Commentary; Human Health |
|
| |
Abstract |
|
|
| |
Address |
Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. pdlagiou@med.uoa.gr |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0393-2990 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
PMID:27550370 |
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1508 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Jean, N.; Burke, M.; Xie, M.; Davis, W.M.; Lobell, D.B.; Ermon, S. |
|
| |
Title |
Combining satellite imagery and machine learning to predict poverty |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
|
| |
Volume |
353 |
Issue |
6301 |
Pages |
790-794 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
|
| |
Abstract |
Nighttime lighting is a rough proxy for economic wealth, and nighttime maps of the world show that many developing countries are sparsely illuminated. Jean et al. combined nighttime maps with high-resolution daytime satellite images (see the Perspective by Blumenstock). With a bit of machine-learning wizardry, the combined images can be converted into accurate estimates of household consumption and assets, both of which are hard to measure in poorer countries. Furthermore, the night- and day-time data are publicly available and nonproprietary. |
|
| |
Address |
|
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1507 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
| |
|
| |
|
Author |
Le Tallec, T.; Théry, M.; Perret, M. |
|
| |
Title |
Melatonin concentrations and timing of seasonal reproduction in male mouse lemurs (Microcebus murinus) exposed to light pollution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J of Mammalogy |
|
| |
Volume |
97 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
753-760 |
|
| |
Keywords |
Animals; light pollution; photobiology; core temperature; locomotor activity; melatonin; Microcebus murinus; primate; testosterone; lemurs; mouse lemur |
|
| |
Abstract |
Adverse effects of light at night are associated with human health problems and with changes in seasonal reproduction in several species. Owing to its role in the circadian timing system, melatonin production is suspected to mediate excess nocturnal light. To test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of light pollution on the timing of seasonal reproduction on a strict Malagasy long-day breeder, the nocturnal mouse lemur (Microcebus murinus). We randomly exposed 12 males in wintering sexual rest to moonlight or to a light-mimicking nocturnal streetlight for 5 weeks. We monitored urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin concentrations (aMT6s), plasma testosterone concentrations, and testis size, and we recorded daily rhythms of core temperature and locomotor activity. In males exposed to light pollution, we observed a significant decrease in urinary aMT6s concentrations associated with changes in daily rhythm profiles and with activation of reproductive function. These results showed that males entered spontaneous sexual recrudescence leading to a summer acclimatization state, which suggests that light at night disrupts perception of day length cues, leading to an inappropriate photoentrainment of seasonal rhythms. |
|
| |
Address |
UMR 7179 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle , 1 avenue du petit château, 91800 Brunoy, France; thery(at)mnhn.fr |
|
| |
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
| |
Publisher |
Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
| |
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
|
|
| |
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
| |
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
| |
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
| |
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
| |
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
| |
Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1348 |
|
| Permanent link to this record |
