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Author |
Rowse, E.G.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
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Title |
The Switch from Low-Pressure Sodium to Light Emitting Diodes Does Not Affect Bat Activity at Street Lights |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0150884 |
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Keywords  |
Animals; bats; England; United Kingdom; low-pressure sodium; LPS; LED; LED lighting; ecology; urban ecology; Feeding Behavior |
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Abstract |
We used a before-after-control-impact paired design to examine the effects of a switch from low-pressure sodium (LPS) to light emitting diode (LED) street lights on bat activity at twelve sites across southern England. LED lights produce broad spectrum 'white' light compared to LPS street lights that emit narrow spectrum, orange light. These spectral differences could influence the abundance of insects at street lights and thereby the activity of the bats that prey on them. Most of the bats flying around the LPS lights were aerial-hawking species, and the species composition of bats remained the same after the switch-over to LED. We found that the switch-over from LPS to LED street lights did not affect the activity (number of bat passes), or the proportion of passes containing feeding buzzes, of those bat species typically found in close proximity to street lights in suburban environments in Britain. This is encouraging from a conservation perspective as many existing street lights are being, or have been, switched to LED before the ecological consequences have been assessed. However, lighting of all spectra studied to date generally has a negative impact on several slow-flying bat species, and LED lights are rarely frequented by these 'light-intolerant' bat species. |
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School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; liz.rowse(at)bristol.ac.uk |
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PLOS |
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English |
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English |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:27008274 |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1403 |
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Author |
Yang, Y.-F.; Jiang, J.-S.; Pan, J.-M.; Ying, Y.-B.; Wang, X.-S.; Zhang, M.-L.; Lu, M.-S.; Chen, X.-H. |
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Title |
The relationship of spectral sensitivity with growth and reproductive response in avian breeders (Gallus gallus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Rep |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
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Pages |
19291 |
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Keywords |
Animals; birds; Gallus gallus; spectrum; *Reproduction; photobiology; biology |
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Abstract |
A previous study demonstrated that birds that are exposed to light at night develop advanced reproductive systems. However, spectrum might also affect the photoperiodic response of birds. The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of spectral composition on the growth and reproductive physiology of female breeders, using pure light-emitting diode spectra. A total of 1,000 newly hatched female avian breeders (Gallus gallus) were equally allocated to white-, red-, yellow-, green- and blue-light treated groups. We found that blue-light treated birds had a greater and faster weight gain than did red- and yellow-light treated birds (P = 0.02 and 0.05). The red light expedited the sexual maturation of the chicks, whose age at sexual maturity was 7 and 14 days earlier than that of the green- and blue-light treated birds, respectively. The accumulative egg production of the red-light treated birds was 9 and 8 eggs more than that of the blue- and green-light treated birds. The peak lay rate of the red-light treated groups was significantly greater than the blue-light treated birds (P = 0.028). In conclusion, exposure to short-wavelength light appears to promote growth of female breeder birds, whereas exposure to long-wavelength light appears to accelerate reproductive performance. |
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Zhejiang Guangda Breeding Poultry Corporation, Jiaxing 314423, China |
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2045-2322 |
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PMID:26765747 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1338 |
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Author |
Rodríguez Martín, A.; Chiaradia, A.; Wasiak, P.; Renwick, L.; Dann, P. |
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Title |
Waddling on the Dark Side: Ambient Light Affects Attendance Behavior of Little Penguins |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Biological Rhythms |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Biol Rhythms |
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Volume |
0748730415626010 |
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Keywords |
Animals; birds; penguins; attendance; little penguin; Eudyptula minor; Phillip Island; Australia; photobiology; seabirds |
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Abstract |
Visible light on Earth largely comes from the sun, including light reflected from the moon. Predation risk is strongly determined by light conditions, and some animals are nocturnal to reduce predation. Artificial lights and its consequent light pollution may disrupt this natural behavior. Here, we used 13 years of attendance data to study the effects of sun, moon, and artificial light on the attendance pattern of a nocturnal seabird, the little penguin Eudyptula minor at Phillip Island, Australia. The little penguin is the smallest and the only penguin species whose activity on land is strictly nocturnal. Automated monitoring systems recorded individually marked penguins every time they arrived (after sunset) at or departed (before sunrise) from 2 colonies under different lighting conditions: natural night skylight and artificial lights (around 3 lux) used to enhance penguin viewing for ecotourism around sunset. Sunlight had a strong effect on attendance as penguins arrived on average around 81 min after sunset and departed around 92 min before sunrise. The effect of moonlight was also strong, varying according to moon phase. Fewer penguins came ashore during full moon nights. Moon phase effect was stronger on departure than arrival times. Thus, during nights between full moon and last quarter, arrival times (after sunset) were delayed, even though moonlight levels were low, while departure times (before sunrise) were earlier, coinciding with high moonlight levels. Cyclic patterns of moon effect were slightly out of phase but significantly between 2 colonies, which could be due to site-specific differences or presence/absence of artificial lights. Moonlight could be overridden by artificial light at our artificially lit colony, but the similar amplitude of attendance patterns between colonies suggests that artificial light did not mask the moonlight effect. Further research is indeed necessary to understand how seabirds respond to the increasing artificial night light levels. |
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Department of Evolutionary Ecology, Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientÃficas, Avda. Américo Vespucio s/n, 41092 Seville, Spain; airamrguez(at)ebd.csic.es |
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SAGE |
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English |
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English |
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0748-7304 |
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IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1345 |
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Author |
Brady, A.; Willis, B.; Harder, L.; Vizel, P. |
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Title |
Lunar Phase Modulates Circadian Gene Expression Cycles in the Broadcast Spawning Coral Acropora millepora |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Bullet |
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Volume |
230 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
130-142 |
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Keywords |
Animals; corals; Acropora millepora; lunar cycle; Circadian Rhythm; gene expression; moon |
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Abstract |
Many broadcast spawning corals in multiple reef regions release their gametes with incredible temporal precision just once per year, using the lunar cycle to set the night of spawning. Moonlight, rather than tides or other lunar-regulated processes, is thought to be the proximate factor responsible for linking the night of spawning to the phase of the Moon. We compared patterns of gene expression among colonies of the broadcast spawning coral Acropora millepora at different phases of the lunar cycle, and when they were maintained under one of three experimentally simulated lunar lighting treatments: i) lunar lighting conditions matching those on the reef, or lunar patterns mimicking either ii) constant full Moon conditions, or iii) constant new Moon conditions. Normal lunar illumination was found to shift both the level and timing of clock gene transcription cycles between new and full moons, with the peak hour of expression for a number of genes occurring earlier in the evening under a new Moon when compared to a full Moon. When the normal lunar cycle is replaced with nighttime patterns equivalent to either a full Moon or a new Moon every evening, the normal monthlong changes in the level of expression are destroyed for most genes. In combination, these results indicate that daily changes in moonlight that occur over the lunar cycle are essential for maintaining normal lunar periodicity of clock gene transcription, and this may play a role in regulating spawn timing. These data also show that low levels of light pollution may have an impact on coral biological clocks. |
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Department of Biological Science, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada; pvize(at)ucalgary.ca |
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Marine Biological Laboratory |
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English |
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English |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1476 |
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Author |
Lucas, M.A.; Chahl, J.S. |
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Title |
Challenges for biomimetic night time sky polarization navigation |
Type |
Conference Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the SPIE |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc SPIE |
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Volume |
9797 |
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Keywords |
Animals; detection of light; biology; polarization; navigation |
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Abstract |
Studies on some species of insects have shown them to use the polarization pattern cast by the moon in the night sky to control heading. Additional heading cues are of value to autonomous systems, since the earth’s magnetic field is not uniform, often not available and is substantially modified by local phenomena. In addition to the required low-light sensitivity of a night time polarization compass, additional complexities caused by the relative intensity of terrestrial sources must be overcome. We will show that the end result will tend to be a less reliable compass than the equivalent day time polarization device. |
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Address |
Univ. of South Australia, Australia |
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SPIE |
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English |
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English |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1430 |
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