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Walch, O.J.; Cochran, A.; Forger, D.B. |
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Title |
A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science Advances |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e1501705-e1501705 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep; *Circadian Rhythm; smartphone; society |
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Abstract |
The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country’s average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes “normal†sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis. |
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2375-2548 |
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no |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1440 |
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Author |
Aubé, M.; Kocifaj, M. |
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Editorial: Special issue on remote sensing of light pollution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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181 |
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1 |
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0022-4073 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1441 |
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Author |
WDS Killgore |
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Title |
Lighting the Way to Better Sleep and Health |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Sleep Disorders: Treatment and Care |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Sleep Disor: Treat Care |
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05 |
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01 |
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Health; Editorial |
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2325-9639 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1442 |
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Yuan, D.; Collage, R.D.; Huang, H.; Zhang, X.; Kautza, B.C.; Lewis, A.J.; Zuckerbraun, B.S.; Tsung, A.; Angus, D.C.; Rosengart, M.R. |
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Title |
Blue light reduces organ injury from ischemia and reperfusion |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
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Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A |
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113 |
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19 |
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5239-5244 |
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Biology |
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Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (beta3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury. |
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Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 rosengartmr@upmc.edu |
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0027-8424 |
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PMID:27114521 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1443 |
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Author |
Stevens, R.G. |
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Title |
Circadian disruption and health: Shift work as a harbinger of the toll taken by electric lighting |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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33 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
589-594 |
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Keywords |
Health |
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Abstract |
Electric light is one of the signature inventions of human beings. A problem, however, is that electric light can confuse our endogenous circadian rhythmicity. It has now become apparent that circadian biology is fundamental to the functioning and adaptation of almost all life forms. In the modern world, everyone is exposed to electric light during the day and night, and thereby can experience some level of circadian disruption. Perhaps as a canary in the coal mine, study of people whose work hours include nighttime (shift workers) is beginning to yield insights on the adverse health effects of circadian disruption from electric light. |
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a UConn Health Center , Farmington , CT , USA |
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0742-0528 |
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PMID:27088628 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1444 |
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