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Author |
Bliss-Ketchum, L.L.; de Rivera, C.E.; Turner, B.C.; Weisbaum, D.M. |
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Title |
The effect of artificial light on wildlife use of a passage structure |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Conservation |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biological Conservation |
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Volume |
199 |
Issue |
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Pages |
25-28 |
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Keywords |
Animals; animal movement; Columbia black-tailed deer; deer; Odocoileus hemionus columbianus; deer mouse; Peromyscus maniculatus; opossum; Didelphis virginiana; artificial light at night |
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Abstract |
Barriers to animal movement can isolate populations, impacting their genetic diversity, susceptibility to disease, and access to resources. Barriers to movement may be caused by artificial light, which is known to disrupt bird, sea turtle, and bat behavior, but few studies have experimentally investigated the effects of artificial light on movement for a suite of terrestrial vertebrates. Therefore, we studied the effect of ecological light pollution on animal usage of a bridge under-road passage structure. On a weekly basis, sections of the structure were subjected to different light treatments including no light added, followed by a Reference period when lights were off in all the structure sections. Sand track data revealed use by 23 mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, nine of which had > 30 tracks for species-level analysis. Columbia black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus) traversed under unlit bridge sections much less when neighboring sections were lit compared to when none were, suggesting avoidance due to any nearby presence of artificial light. Similarly, deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and opossum (Didelphis virginiana) track paths were less frequent in the lit sections than the ambient. Crossing was correlated with temporal or spatial factors but not light for three of the other species. These findings suggest that artificial light may be reducing habitat connectivity for some species though not providing a strong barrier for others. Such information is needed to inform mitigation of habitat fragmentation in the face of expanding urbanization. |
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Address |
Department of Environmental Science & Management, Portland State University, PO Box 751, Portland, OR 97207, USA; blissket(at)pdx.edu |
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Publisher |
Elsevier |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
0006-3207 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1445 |
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Author |
Qian, J.; Scheer, F.A.J.L. |
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Title |
Circadian System and Glucose Metabolism: Implications for Physiology and Disease |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends Endocrinol Metab |
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Volume |
27 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
282-293 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; circadian rhythms; food timing; glucose metabolism; melatonin; sleep; type 2 diabetes |
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Abstract |
The circadian system serves one of the most fundamental properties present in nearly all organisms: it generates 24-h rhythms in behavioral and physiological processes and enables anticipating and adapting to daily environmental changes. Recent studies indicate that the circadian system is important in regulating the daily rhythm in glucose metabolism. Disturbance of this circadian control or of its coordination relative to the environmental/behavioral cycle, such as in shift work, eating late, or due to genetic changes, results in disturbed glucose control and increased type 2 diabetes risk. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms underlying glucose regulation by the circadian system and its disturbance may help in the development of therapeutic interventions against the deleterious health consequences of circadian disruption. |
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Address |
Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; fscheer(at)bwh.harvard.edu |
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Publisher |
Cell |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
1043-2760 |
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Notes |
PMID:27079518; PMCID:PMC4842150 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1446 |
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Author |
Mavraki, N.; Georgiadis, M.; Koutsikopoulos, C.; Tzanatos, E. |
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Title |
Unravelling the nocturnal appearance of bogue Boops boops shoals in the anthropogenically modified shallow littoral |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Fish Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Fish Biol |
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Pages |
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Keywords |
Animals; artificial habitats; coastal zone; fish behaviour; nocturnal migration; predation avoidance; Boops boops; fish |
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Abstract |
In the present study the role of the nocturnal migration of bogue Boops boops shoals to anthropogenically modified shallow littoral locations was examined, evaluating four alternative hypotheses: (1) feeding, (2) reproduction, (3) attraction of B. boops to artificial light and (4) concealment in the darkness related to predation avoidance. All hypotheses apart from predation avoidance were rejected, as B. boops tended to concentrate in shaded locations of wider illuminated areas, a finding not only important concerning fish behaviour, but also with significant management implications. |
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Address |
Section of Animal Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, GR 26504 Rio, Patras, Greece; ninon.mavraki(at)gmail.com |
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Publisher |
FSBI |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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ISSN |
0022-1112 |
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Notes |
PMID:27094613 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1447 |
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Author |
Park, H.-K.; Gu, J.-H.; Lee, K.-M. |
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Title |
A study on selecting of Light Cutoff Panel depending on the installation condition using the lighting simulation |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society |
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Volume |
17 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
246-251 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; Light cutoff panel; Light pollution; Light trespass; Relux; Security light |
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Abstract |
The use of security lighting that emits spill light is considered a cause of light trespass problems in the residential areas. Therefore, a cutoff panel was installed as an alternative way to reduce light trespass. On the other hand, it has another problem in that it is less effective and is not good enough for aesthetics and safety. In this study, a light cutoff panel was designed and manufactured to reduce the light trespass, and the structure of a proper light cutoff panel was studied. Using a goniophotometer, the light distribution file (IES file) was extracted and the characteristics of light distribution were analyzed using the RELUX program. The results showed that the reduction of spilt light in the backward direction was decreased significantly for all types of light cutoff panels except the coated globe. In the case of a black powder coated light cutoff panel, the forward light caused by light reflected from the surface of the light cutoff panel was also reduced, which means that the black powder coated light cutoff panel is effective in the performance of light cutoff in the forward and backward directions. In addition, the coated glove increased the spilt light in the forward and backward directions because it reflects the upward light to go down. A 90 % accuracy between the measurement value of light trespass and the expected value of the light trespass was obtained from a simulation. |
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Address |
National Institute of Environmental Research; mossad61(at)korea.kr |
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Publisher |
KoreaScience |
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Language |
Korean |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Editor |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
1975-4701 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
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Approved |
no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1448 |
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Author |
Solano Lamphar, H.A.; Kocifaj, M. |
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Title |
Urban artificial light emission function determined experimentally using night sky images |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
Abbreviated Journal |
Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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Volume |
181 |
Issue |
in press |
Pages |
87-95 |
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Keywords |
Skyglow |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0022-4073 |
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Notes |
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no |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1450 |
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