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Hüppop, O.; Hüppop, K.; Dierschke, J.; Hill, R. |
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Title |
Bird collisions at an offshore platform in the North Sea |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Bird Study |
Abbreviated Journal |
Bird Study |
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63 |
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1 |
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73-82 |
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Animals; Ecology |
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Capsule Collisions with offshore structures in the North Sea could account for the mortality of hundreds of thousands of nocturnally migrating birds.
Aims To assess, for the first time, the circumstances of mass fatalities at an offshore structure, including the species involved, their numbers, ages, body conditions and injuries.
Methods At an unmanned tall offshore research platform in the southeastern North Sea, bird corpses were collected on 160 visiting days from October 2003 to December 2007. Corpses were identified to species and kinds of injury, ages, and fat and muscle scores were determined. Nocturnal bird calls were recorded, identified to species and quantified. Local and large-scale weather parameters were also considered.
Results A total of 767 birds of 34 species, mainly thrushes, European Starlings and other passerines, were found at 45 visits. Most carcasses were in good body condition and young birds were not more affected than adults. Three quarters of 563 examined individuals had collision induced injuries. Birds in poor body condition were less likely to be collision victims than those in good condition. Mass collision events at the illuminated offshore structure coincided with increasingly adverse weather conditions and an increasing call intensity of nocturnal birds.
Conclusions Assuming an average of 150 dead birds per year at this single offshore structure and additionally assuming that a considerable proportion of the corpses were not found, we estimate that mortality at the 1000 + human structures in the North Sea could reach hundreds of thousands of birds. Since offshore industrialization will progress and collision numbers at offshore turbines will consequently increase considerably, we recommend reinforced measures to reduce bird strikes at offshore structures, especially in the light of substantial declines in some migrant species. |
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1377 |
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Lee, S.; Cao, C. |
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Title |
Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band Stray Light Characterization and Correction Using Calibration View Data |
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2016 |
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Remote Sensing |
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Remote Sensing |
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8 |
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2 |
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138 |
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Instrumentation |
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The Soumi NPP VIIRS Day/Night Band (DNB) nighttime imagery quality is affected by stray light contamination. In this study, we examined the relationship between the Earth scene stray light and the signals in VIIRS’s calibrators to better understand stray light characteristics and to improve upon the current correction method. Our analyses showed the calibrator signal to be highly predictive of Earth scene stray light and can provide additional stray light characteristics that are difficult to obtain from Earth scene data alone. In the current stray light correction regions (mid-to-high latitude), the stray light onset angles can be tracked by calibration view data to reduce correction biases. In the southern hemisphere, it is possible to identify the angular extent of the additional stray light feature in the calibration view data and develop a revised correction method to remove the additional stray light occurring during the southern hemisphere springtime. Outside of current stray light correction region, the analysis of calibration view data indicated occasional stray light contamination at low latitude and possible background biases caused by Moon illumination. As stray light affects a significant portion of nighttime scenes, further refinement in characterization and correction is important to ensure VIIRS DNB imagery quality for Soumi NPP and future missions. |
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1378 |
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Cao, Z.; Wu, Z.; Kuang, Y.; Huang, N.; Wang, M. |
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Coupling an Intercalibration of Radiance-Calibrated Nighttime Light Images and Land Use/Cover Data for Modeling and Analyzing the Distribution of GDP in Guangdong, China |
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2016 |
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Sustainability |
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Sustainability |
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8 |
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2 |
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108 |
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2071-1050 |
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1379 |
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Cheng, Y.; Zhao, L.; Wan, W.; Li, L.; Yu, T.; Gu, X. |
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Extracting urban areas in China using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data integrated with biophysical composition information |
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2016 |
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Journal of Geographical Sciences |
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J. Geogr. Sci. |
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26 |
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3 |
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325-338 |
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1009-637X |
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1380 |
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Rybnikova, N.A.; Haim, A.; Portnov, B.A. |
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Does artificial light-at-night exposure contribute to the worldwide obesity pandemic? |
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2016 |
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International Journal of Obesity (2005) |
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Int J Obes (Lond) |
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40 |
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5 |
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815-824 |
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Human Health |
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BACKGROUND: Worldwide overweight and obesity rates are on the rise, with about 1 900 billion adults being defined as overweight and about 600 million adults being defined as obese by the World Health Organization (WHO). Increasing exposure to artificial light-at-night (ALAN) may influence body mass, by suppression of melatonin production and disruption of daily rhythms, resulting in physiological or behavioral changes in the human body, and may thus become a driving force behind worldwide overweight and obesity pandemic. METHODS: We analyzed most recent satellite images of night time illumination, available from the US Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP), combining them with country-level data on female and male overweight and obesity prevalence rates, reported by the WHO. The study aims to identify and measure the strength of association between ALAN and country-wide overweight and obesity rates, controlling for per capita GDP, level of urbanization, birth rate, food consumption and regional differences. RESULTS: ALAN emerged as a statistically significant and positive predictor of overweight and obesity (t>1.97; P<0.05), helping to explain, together with other factors, about 70% of the observed variation of overweight and obesity prevalence rates among females and males in more than 80 countries worldwide. Regional differences in the strength of association between ALAN and excessive body mass are also noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first population-level study that confirms the results of laboratory research and cohort studies in which ALAN was found to be a contributing factor to excessive body mass in humans.International Journal of Obesity advance online publication, 23 February 2016; doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.255. |
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Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, Faculty of Management, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel |
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0307-0565 |
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PMID:26795746 |
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1381 |
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