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Author |
Rowse, E.G.; Harris, S.; Jones, G. |
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Title |
The Switch from Low-Pressure Sodium to Light Emitting Diodes Does Not Affect Bat Activity at Street Lights |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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Volume |
11 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e0150884 |
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Keywords |
Animals; bats; England; United Kingdom; low-pressure sodium; LPS; LED; LED lighting; ecology; urban ecology; Feeding Behavior |
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Abstract |
We used a before-after-control-impact paired design to examine the effects of a switch from low-pressure sodium (LPS) to light emitting diode (LED) street lights on bat activity at twelve sites across southern England. LED lights produce broad spectrum 'white' light compared to LPS street lights that emit narrow spectrum, orange light. These spectral differences could influence the abundance of insects at street lights and thereby the activity of the bats that prey on them. Most of the bats flying around the LPS lights were aerial-hawking species, and the species composition of bats remained the same after the switch-over to LED. We found that the switch-over from LPS to LED street lights did not affect the activity (number of bat passes), or the proportion of passes containing feeding buzzes, of those bat species typically found in close proximity to street lights in suburban environments in Britain. This is encouraging from a conservation perspective as many existing street lights are being, or have been, switched to LED before the ecological consequences have been assessed. However, lighting of all spectra studied to date generally has a negative impact on several slow-flying bat species, and LED lights are rarely frequented by these 'light-intolerant' bat species. |
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Address |
School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom; liz.rowse(at)bristol.ac.uk |
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PLOS |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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ISSN |
1932-6203 |
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Notes |
PMID:27008274 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1403 |
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Author |
Higuchi, S.; Lee, S.-I.; Kozaki, T.; Harada, T.; Tanaka, I. |
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Title |
Late circadian phase in adults and children is correlated with use of high color temperature light at home at night |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
448-452 |
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Keywords |
Children; circadian rhythm; light; melatonin |
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Abstract |
Light is the strongest synchronizer of human circadian rhythms, and exposure to residential light at night reportedly causes a delay of circadian rhythms. The present study was conducted to investigate the association between color temperature of light at home and circadian phase of salivary melatonin in adults and children. Twenty healthy children (mean age: 9.7 year) and 17 of their parents (mean age: 41.9 years) participated in the experiment. Circadian phase assessments were made with dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). There were large individual variations in DLMO both in adults and children. The average DLMO in adults and in children were 21:50 +/- 1:12 and 20:55 +/- 0:44, respectively. The average illuminance and color temperature of light at eye level were 139.6 +/- 82.7 lx and 3862.0 +/- 965.6 K, respectively. There were significant correlations between color temperature of light and DLMO in adults (r = 0.735, p < 0.01) and children (r = 0.479, p < 0.05), although no significant correlations were found between illuminance level and DLMO. The results suggest that high color temperature light at home might be a cause of the delay of circadian phase in adults and children. |
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a Department of Human Science, Faculty of Design , Kyushu University , Fukuoka , Japan |
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English |
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0742-0528 |
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Notes |
PMID:27010525 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1404 |
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Author |
Hyari, K.H.; Khelifi, A.; Katkhuda, H. |
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Title |
Multiobjective Optimization of Roadway Lighting Projects |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Transportation Engineering |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Transp. Eng. |
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Pages |
04016024 |
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Keywords |
Lighting; multiobjective optimization; traffic safety; road safety; lighting design; uniformity; genetic algorithm |
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Abstract |
Roadway lighting systems play a major role in maintaining nighttime traffic safety as they reduce both the number and severity of nighttime traffic accidents. While the design of roadway lighting systems involves multiple objectives, past studies have focused on optimizing only one of the multiple objectives that should be considered. This paper presents a multiobjective optimization model for roadway lighting projects that simultaneously optimizes four design objectives. The incorporated objectives are (1) maximizing the average lighting level on the road surface; (2) maximizing the lighting uniformity along the roadway; (3) minimizing the glare to road users produced by the lighting system; and (4) minimizing the cost of operating the lighting system. The model is designed and developed as a multiobjective genetic algorithm to help decision-makers in their endeavor to provide efficient roadway lighting systems that strike a balance between the four conflicting objectives. The present model considers the following six design variables: type of lighting fixture, mounting height, spacing, fixture offset, fixture’s inclination, and fixture’s rotation angle. An application example is analyzed in this paper to clarify the use of the model and display its significant features in producing better lighting arrangements for roadways. |
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Dept. of Civil Engineering, Hashemite Univ., P.O. Box 150459, Zarqa 13115, Jordan; hyari(at)hu.edu.jo |
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ASCE |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0733-947X |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1405 |
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Author |
Costin, K.J.; Boulton, A.M. |
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Title |
A Field Experiment on the Effect of Introduced Light Pollution on Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the Piedmont Region of Maryland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Coleopterists Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
84-86 |
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Keywords |
Animals; insects; fireflies; Coleoptera; Lampyridae; Coleoptera Lampyridae; artificial light at night; ecology; light pollution |
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Abstract |
(none) |
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Address |
Environmental Biology Hood College 401 Rosemont Avenue Frederick, MD 21701, U.S.A.; kjc(at)hood.edu |
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BioOne |
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English |
Summary Language |
English |
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0010-065X |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1406 |
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Author |
Erren, T.C.; Morfeld, P.; Foster, R.G.; Reiter, R.J.; Gross, J.V.; Westermann, I.K. |
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Title |
Sleep and cancer: Synthesis of experimental data and meta-analyses of cancer incidence among some 1 500 000 study individuals in 13 countries |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
325-350 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Cancer; chronodisruption; meta-analyses; napping; sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD); sleep duration; sleep quality; sleep timing; Circadian Rhythm; sleep; Oncogenesis |
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Abstract |
Sleep and its impact on physiology and pathophysiology are researched at an accelerating pace and from many different angles. Experiments provide evidence for chronobiologically plausible links between chronodisruption and sleep and circadian rhythm disruption (SCRD), on the one hand, and the development of cancer, on the other. Epidemiological evidence from cancer incidence among some 1 500 000 study individuals in 13 countries regarding associations with sleep duration, napping or “poor sleep” is variable and inconclusive. Combined adjusted relative risks (meta-RRs) for female breast cancer, based on heterogeneous data, were 1.01 (95% CI: 0.97-1.06). Meta-RRs for cancers of the colorectum and of the lung in women and men and for prostate cancer were 1.08 (95% CI: 1.03-1.13), 1.11 (95% CI: 1.00-1.22) and 1.05 (95% CI: 0.83-1.33), respectively. The significantly increased meta-RRs for colorectal cancer, based on homogeneous data, warrant targeted study. However, the paramount epidemiological problem inhibiting valid conclusions about the associations between sleep and cancer is the probable misclassification of the exposures to facets of sleep over time. Regarding the inevitable conclusion that more research is needed to answer How are sleep and cancer linked in humans? we offer eight sets of recommendations for future studies which must take note of the complexity of multidirectional relationships. |
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Address |
a Institute and Policlinic for Occupational Medicine, Environmental Medicine and Prevention Research , University of Cologne , Cologne , Germany |
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Publisher |
Taylor & Francis |
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Language |
English |
Summary Language |
English |
Original Title |
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Series Volume |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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ISSN |
0742-0528 |
ISBN |
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Notes |
PMID:27003385 |
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no |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
Serial |
1407 |
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