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Contel, T.M.; Ferrandis, I.G.; Ferrandis, X.G. |
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Title |
Light pollution in natural science textbooks in Spanish secondary education |
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2016 |
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European Journal of Science and Mathematics Education |
Abbreviated Journal |
Eur. J. Sci. Math. Ed. |
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4 |
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2 |
Pages |
129-139 |
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Keywords |
Education; Light pollution, Secondary education, Natural science textbooks, Spanish secondary education curriculum |
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Abstract |
Light pollution has emerged with the industrial development in recent decades. It is becoming a significant environmental issue for cities today and it will probably become more important in the near future. However, very little research has been carried out on this issue in the field of science teaching, despite there being a general agreement that education has an important contribution to make in the protection of the environment. This research analyses this problem in secondary education, through the official curriculum and textbooks published for the Valencian Region (Spain).  We have based the research on the “Content analysis†method. Light pollution, despite being included in the Spanish compulsory secondary education curriculum, is an issue that is barely touched on in the majority of the first and second year Natural Science textbooks analysed. |
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Department of Nursing, Research and Health Care Managemen, Ctatholic University of Valencia “San Vicente Martirâ€, Valencia, Spain; ignacio.garcia‐ferrandis(at)uv.es |
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English |
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2301-251X |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1433 |
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Coughlin, M.; Stubbs, C.; Claver, C. |
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Title |
A daytime measurement of the lunar contribution to the night sky brightness in LSST’s ugrizy bands–initial results |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Experimental Astronomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp Astron |
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Volume |
41 |
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3 |
Pages |
393-408 |
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Keywords |
Moonlight |
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We report measurements from which we determine the spatial structure ofthe lunar contribution to night sky brightness, taken at the LSST site on Cerro Pachonin Chile. We use an array of six photodiodes with filters that approximate the LargeSynoptic Survey Telescope’su, g, r, i, z,andybands. We use the sun as a proxy forthe moon, and measure sky brightness as a function of zenith angle of the point onsky, zenith angle of the sun, and angular distance between the sun and the point onsky. We make a correction for the difference between the illumination spectrum of thesun and the moon. Since scattered sunlight totally dominates the daytime sky bright-ness, this technique allows us to cleanly determine the contribution to the (cloudless)night sky from backscattered moonlight, without contamination from other sourcesof night sky brightness. We estimate our uncertainty in the relative lunar night skybrightness vs. zenith and lunar angle to be between 0.3–0.7 mags depending on thepassband. This information is useful in planning the optimal execution of the LSSTsurvey, and perhaps for other astronomical observations as well. Although our pri-mary objective is to map out the angular structure and spectrum of the scattered lightfrom the atmosphere and particulates, we also make an estimate of the expected num-ber of scattered lunar photons per pixel per second in LSST, and find values that arein overall agreement with previous estimates. |
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0922-6435 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3039 |
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Nickla, D.L.; Totonelly, K. |
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Brief light exposure at night disrupts the circadian rhythms in eye growth and choroidal thickness in chicks |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Experimental eye Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp Eye Res |
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146 |
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189-195 |
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Animals |
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Changes in ocular growth that lead to myopia or hyperopia are associated with alterations in the circadian rhythms in eye growth, choroidal thickness and intraocular pressure in animal models of emmetropization. Recent studies have shown that light at night has deleterious effects on human health, acting via “circadian disruptions” of various diurnal rhythms, including changes in phase or amplitude. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of brief, 2-hour episodes of light in the middle of the night on the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness, and whether these alter eye growth and refractive error in the chick model of myopia. Starting at 2 weeks of age, birds received 2 hours of light between 12:00 am and 2:00 am for 7 days (n=12; total hours of light: 14 hrs). Age-matched controls had a continuous dark night (n=14; 14L/10D). Ocular dimensions were measured using high-frequency A-scan ultrasonography on the first day of the experiment, and again on day 7, at 6-hour intervals, starting at noon (12pm, 6pm, 12am, 6am, 12pm). Measurements during the night were done under a photographic safe-light. These data were used to determine rhythm parameters of phase and amplitude. 2 groups of birds, both experimental (light at night) and control, were measured with ultrasound at various intervals over the course of 4 weeks to determine growth rates. Refractive errors were measured in 6 experimental and 6 control birds at the end of 2 weeks. Eyes of birds in a normal L/D cycle showed sinusoidal 24-hour period diurnal rhythms in axial length and choroid thickness. Light in the middle of the night caused changes in both the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness, such that neither could be fit to a sine function having a period of 24 hours. Light caused an acute, transient stimulation in ocular growth rate in the subsequent 6-hour period (12 am to 6 am), that may be responsible for the increased growth rate seen 4 weeks later, and the more myopic refractive error. It also abolished the increase in choroidal thickness that normally occurs between 6 pm and 12 am. We conclude that light at night alters the rhythms in axial length and choroidal thickness in an animal model of eye growth, and that these circadian disruptions might lead to the development of ametropias. These results have implications for the use of light during the night in children. |
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The New England College of Optometry, Boston, MA, USA |
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0014-4835 |
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PMID:26970497 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1371 |
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Sliney, D.H. |
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Title |
What is light? The visible spectrum and beyond |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Eye (London, England) |
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Eye (Lond) |
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Human Health; human vision; spectrum; electromagnetic spectrum; visible; *Ultraviolet Rays; light |
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In this International Year of Light, it is particularly appropriate to review the historical concept of what is light and the controversies surrounding the extent of the visible spectrum. Today we recognize that light possesses both a wave and particle nature. It is also clear that the limits of visibility really extend from about 310 nm in the ultraviolet (in youth) to about 1100 nm in the near-infrared, but depend very much on the radiance, that is, 'brightness' of the light source. The spectral content of artificial lighting are undergoing very significant changes in our lifetime, and the full biological implications of the spectral content of newer lighting technologies remain to be fully explored. |
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Department of Environmental Health Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA |
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0950-222X |
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PMID:26768917 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1337 |
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Chaput, J.-P.; Weippert, M.; LeBlanc, A.G.; Hjorth, M.F.; Michaelsen, K.F.; Katzmarzyk, P.T.; Tremblay, M.S.; Barreira, T.V.; Broyles, S.T.; Fogelholm, M.; Hu, G.; Kuriyan, R.; Kurpad, A.; Lambert, E.V.; Maher, C.; Maia, J.; Matsudo, V.; Olds, T.; Onywera, V.; Sarmiento, O.L.; Standage, M.; Tudor-Locke, C.; Zhao, P.; Sjodin, A.M. |
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Are Children Like Werewolves? Full Moon and Its Association with Sleep and Activity Behaviors in an International Sample of Children |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
Publication |
Frontiers in Pediatrics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Front Pediatr |
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4 |
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24 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Moonlight |
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In order to verify if the full moon is associated with sleep and activity behaviors, we used a 12-country study providing 33,710 24-h accelerometer recordings of sleep and activity. The present observational, cross-sectional study included 5812 children ages 9-11 years from study sites that represented all inhabited continents and wide ranges of human development (Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Finland, India, Kenya, Portugal, South Africa, United Kingdom, and United States). Three moon phases were used in this analysis: full moon (+/-4 days; reference), half moon (+/-5-9 days), and new moon (+/-10-14 days) from nearest full moon. Nocturnal sleep duration, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), light-intensity physical activity (LPA), and total sedentary time (SED) were monitored over seven consecutive days using a waist-worn accelerometer worn 24 h a day. Only sleep duration was found to significantly differ between moon phases (~5 min/night shorter during full moon compared to new moon). Differences in MVPA, LPA, and SED between moon phases were negligible and non-significant (<2 min/day difference). There was no difference in the associations between study sites. In conclusion, sleep duration was 1% shorter at full moon compared to new moon, while activity behaviors were not significantly associated with the lunar cycle in this global sample of children. Whether this seemingly minimal difference is clinically meaningful is questionable. |
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University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark |
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2296-2360 |
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PMID:27047907; PMCID:PMC4805596 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1556 |
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