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Stone, R.A.; Cohen, Y.; McGlinn, A.M.; Davison, S.; Casavant, S.; Shaffer, J.; Khurana, T.S.; Pardue, M.T.; Iuvone, P.M. |
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Title |
Development of Experimental Myopia in Chicks in a Natural Environment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci |
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Volume |
57 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
4779-4789 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Vision |
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Abstract |
PURPOSE: The hypothesis that outdoor exposure might protect against myopia has generated much interest, although available data find only modest clinical efficacy. We tested the effect of outdoor rearing on form-deprivation myopia in chicks, a myopia model markedly inhibited by high-intensity indoor laboratory lighting. METHODS: Unilaterally goggled cohorts of White Leghorn chicks were maintained in a species-appropriate, outdoor rural setting during daylight hours to the extent permitted by weather. Control chicks were reared indoors with incandescent lighting. Besides ocular refraction and ultrasound, we determined dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) content in retina and vitreous and measured mRNA expression levels of selected clock and circadian rhythm-related genes in the retina/RPE. RESULTS: Myopia developed in the goggled eyes of all cohorts. Whereas outdoor rearing lessened myopia by 44% at 4 days, a protective effect was no longer evident at 11 days. Outdoor rearing had no consistent effect on retinal or vitreous content of dopamine or DOPAC. Conforming to prior data on form-deprivation myopia, retina and vitreous levels of DOPAC were reduced in goggled eyes. Compared with contralateral eyes, the retinal expression of clock and circadian rhythm-related genes was modestly altered in myopic eyes of chicks reared indoors or outdoors. CONCLUSIONS: Outdoor rearing of chicks induces only a partial decrease of goggle-induced myopia that is not maintained, without evidence that retinal dopamine metabolism accounts for the partial myopia inhibition under these outdoor conditions. Although modest, alterations in retinal gene expression suggest that studying circadian signals might be informative for understanding refractive mechanisms. |
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Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States 7Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States |
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0146-0404 |
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PMID:27618415; PMCID:PMC5024671 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1538 |
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Bonmati-Carrion, M.A.; Hild, K.; Isherwood, C.; Sweeney, S.J.; Revell, V.L.; Skene, D.J.; Rol, M.A.; Madrid, J.A. |
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Title |
Relationship between Human Pupillary Light Reflex and Circadian System Status |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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PloS one |
Abbreviated Journal |
PLoS One |
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11 |
Issue |
9 |
Pages |
e0162476 |
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Human Health |
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Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), whose photopigment melanopsin has a peak of sensitivity in the short wavelength range of the spectrum, constitute a common light input pathway to the olivary pretectal nucleus (OPN), the pupillary light reflex (PLR) regulatory centre, and to the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), the major pacemaker of the circadian system. Thus, evaluating PLR under short wavelength light (lambdamax </= 500 nm) and creating an integrated PLR parameter, as a possible tool to indirectly assess the status of the circadian system, becomes of interest. Nine monochromatic, photon-matched light stimuli (300 s), in 10 nm increments from lambdamax 420 to 500 nm were administered to 15 healthy young participants (8 females), analyzing: i) the PLR; ii) wrist temperature (WT) and motor activity rhythms (WA), iii) light exposure (L) pattern and iv) diurnal preference (Horne-Ostberg), sleep quality (Pittsburgh) and daytime sleepiness (Epworth). Linear correlations between the different PLR parameters and circadian status index obtained from WT, WA and L recordings and scores from questionnaires were calculated. In summary, we found markers of robust circadian rhythms, namely high stability, reduced fragmentation, high amplitude, phase advance and low internal desynchronization, were correlated with a reduced PLR to 460-490 nm wavelengths. Integrated circadian (CSI) and PLR (cp-PLR) parameters are proposed, that also showed an inverse correlation. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the existence of a close relationship between the circadian system robustness and the pupillary reflex response, two non-visual functions primarily under melanopsin-ipRGC input. |
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Chronobiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca, 30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain |
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1932-6203 |
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PMID:27636197; PMCID:PMC5026360 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1537 |
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Cozzolino, E.; Lasta, C.A. |
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Use of VIIRS DNB satellite images to detect jigger ships involved in the Illex argentinus fishery |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
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Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment |
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4 |
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167-178 |
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Remote Sensing |
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The distribution of Illex argentinus squid extends from 23°S to 54°S. The largest catches of the species, which represents one of the most important fisheries in Argentina, take place between 35°S and 52°S. Argentina's fisheries administration keeps close records of the Argentine fleet position and the Cephalopod laboratory at the Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Pesquero (INIDEP) monitors and suggests actions for the management of the resource. The catches are carried out both within national and adjacent international waters. Fleets from different countries participate in the fisheries operating jigger vessels during the night with strong lights to attract the squid. One of the greatest difficulties in the evaluation of the status of this resource is to know the number of foreign vessels fishing outside the Argentine Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer (VIIRS) day/night band (DNB) satellite images are a useful tool to monitor and quantify these fleets, building on the capacity of the sensors to detect the light emitted by the lamps placed on the ship decks. In this work, we report the development of a specific new method (set of algorithms) to process the images and identify automatically the jigger ships that compose the overseas fleet. Results were validated using the positioning data of the Argentine jigger fleet and comparing light emissions of these vessels against those identified by the new method. The process of identifying ships has proved to be robust considering the statistical results obtained: mean relative error (MRE) of 0.03% and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 1.62 ships. |
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2352-9385 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1536 |
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Muralidhar, P.; Srihari, V. |
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Excessive light is another form of pollution on the environment |
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2016 |
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ACADEMICIA: An International Multidisciplinary Research Journal |
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Academicia: An Inter. Multidiscipl. Rese. Jour. |
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6 |
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8 |
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19 |
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2249-7137 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1535 |
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Pacheco, Y.M.; Martin, G.J.; Bybee, S.M. |
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On the Phototactic Response of RwandanDiaphanesMotschulsky (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) to a Trap with a 630Nm Red Light |
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Journal Article |
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2016 |
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The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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70 |
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3 |
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559-561 |
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Animals |
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0010-065X |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1531 |
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