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Tian, J.F.; Deng, L.C.; Zhang, X.B.; Lu, X.-M.; Sun, J.J.; Liu, Q.L.; Zhou, Q.; Yan, Z.Z., Xin, Y.; Wang, K.; Jiang, X.-J.; Luo, Z.Q., Yang, J. |
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Title |
Optical Observing Conditions at Delingha Station |
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Report |
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2016 |
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n/a |
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Skyglow; China; Tibet; SONG; Delingha; Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau; Tibetan Plateau |
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SONG is a global ground based network of 1 meter telescopes for stellar time-domain science, an international collaboration involving many countries across the world. In order to enable a favourable duty cycle, the SONG network plans to create a homogeneous distribution of 4 nodes in each of the northern and southern hemispheres. A natural possibility was building one of the northern nodes in East Asia, preferably on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. During the last decade, a great deal of effort has been invested in searching for high a quality site for ground based astronomy in China, since this has been one of the major concerns for the development of Chinese astronomy. A number of sites on the plateau have been in operation for many years, but most of them are used only for radio astronomy, as well as small optical telescopes for applied astronomy. Several potential sites for large optical instruments have been identified by the plateau site survey, but as yet none of them have been adequately quantitatively characterised. Here we present results from a detailed multi-year study of the Delingha site, which was eventually selected for the SONG-China node. We also describe the site monitoring system that will allow an isolated SONG and 50BiN node to operate safely in an automated mode. |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1391 |
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Author |
Bergs, R. |
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Title |
Exploring the Spatial Economy by Night |
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2016 |
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Economics; DMSP; DMSP-OLS; remote sensing; spatial distribution |
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Night satellite images may offer an interesting tool to generate socio-economically relevant data and to analyse the evolution of space, e.g. cities or rural areas, and how spatial units interact over time. This paper is just an essay with preliminary ideas for discussion; the approach is explorative-methodological rather than one putting an empirical focus on a defined research item. Empirics discussed in this paper are just various examples collected from tinkering.
The DMSP-OLS images and adequate image analysis software such as ImageJ (in some cases to be complemented by further statistics software) provide a useful perspective for the analysis of spatial change. Since there is a stable and significant correlation between social and economic variables (population density, GDP PPP) and luminosity, such image analyses contain important information on spatial economic development. Analysis of night imagery is certainly not adequate to replace the statistical analysis of regional data, but it is a good tool to confirm and illustrate patterns of spatial heterogeneity and spatial dependence over time. |
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PRAC – Bergs & Issa Partnership Co., Bad Soden, Germany |
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Planung & Forschung Spolicy Research & Consultancy Discussion Paper Series |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1392 |
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Price, B.; Baker, E. |
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NightLife: A cheap, robust, LED based light trap for collecting aquatic insects in remote areas |
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2016 |
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Biodiversity Data Journal |
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Bdj |
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4 |
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e7648 |
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Animals; Ecology; Lighting |
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Background
There are approximately one hundred thousand aquatic insect species currently known to science and this figure is likely a significant underestimation. The ecology of aquatic insect groups has been studied due to their role as bioindicators of water quality and in the case of Diptera, their role as vectors of disease. Light trapping targets emergent adults, using mercury vapour bulbs or actinic fluorescent tubes, however these light sources are unsuitable for sampling remote regions due to their power requirements, which limit their mobility. Most insects studied have three types of photoreceptors corresponding to UV, blue and green light.
New information
We describe the NightLife: a cheap, robust, portable, LED based light source which targets insect trichromatic vision, is capable of autonomous operation and is powered by a single AA battery. Field trials show that the NightLife is capable of collecting sufficient samples of 12 insect orders, including all aquatic orders commonly collected by traditional light trapping and compares favourably with actinic fluorescent tubes and white LEDs. Future development in LED technology will likely result in LEDs replacing traditional light sources for collecting insects more widely. |
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1314-2836 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1398 |
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Pravettoni, M.; Strepparava, D.; Cereghetti, N.; Klett, S.; Andretta, M.; Steiger, M. |
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Title |
Indoor calibration of Sky Quality Meters: linearity, spectral responsivity and uncertainty analysis |
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2016 |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer |
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181 |
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in press |
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74-86 |
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Instrumentation |
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The indoor calibration of brightness sensors requires extremely low values of irradiance in the most accurate and reproducible way. In this work the testing equipment of an ISO 17025 accredited laboratory for electrical testing, qualification and type approval of solar photovoltaic modules was modified in order to test the linearity of the instruments from few mW/cm2 down to fractions of nW/cm2, corresponding to levels of simulated brightness from 6 to 19 mag/arcsec2. Sixteen Sky Quality Meter (SQM) produced by Unihedron, a Canadian manufacturer, were tested, also assessing the impact of the ageing of their protective glasses on the calibration coefficients and the drift of the instruments. The instruments are in operation on measurement points and observatories at different sites and altitudes in Southern Switzerland, within the framework of OASI, the Environmental Observatory of Southern Switzerland. The authors present the results of the calibration campaign: linearity; brightness calibration, with and without protective glasses; transmittance measurement of the glasses; and spectral responsivity of the devices. A detailed uncertainty analysis is also provided, according to the ISO 17025 standard. |
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0022-4073 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1399 |
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Author |
Mills, S.; Miller, S. |
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Title |
VIIRS Day/Night Band--Correcting Striping and Nonuniformity over a Very Large Dynamic Range |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
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Journal of Imaging |
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J. Imaging |
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2 |
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1 |
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9 |
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The Suomi National Polar-orbiting (NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Day-Night Band (DNB) measures visible and near-infrared light extending over seven orders of magnitude of dynamic range. This makes radiometric calibration difficult. We have observed that DNB imagery has striping, banding and other nonuniformities—day or night. We identified the causes as stray light, nonlinearity, detector crosstalk, hysteresis and mirror-side variation. We found that these affect both Earth-view and calibration signals. These present an obstacle to interpretation by users of DNB products. Because of the nonlinearity we chose the histogram matching destriping technique which we found is successful for daytime, twilight and nighttime scenes. Because of the very large dynamic range of the DNB, we needed to add special processes to the histogram matching to destripe all scenes, especially imagery in the twilight regions where scene illumination changes rapidly over short distances. We show that destriping aids image analysts, and makes it possible for advanced automated cloud typing algorithms. Manual or automatic identification of other features, including polar ice and gravity waves in the upper atmosphere are also discussed. In consideration of the large volume of data produced 24 h a day by the VIIRS DNB, we present methods for reducing processing time. |
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2313-433X |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1400 |
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