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Author |
Vozzi, C.; Ramponi, R. |
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Title  |
2015 International Year of Light and beyond |
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Magazine Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Journal of Optics |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Opt. |
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Volume |
18 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
010201 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; International Year of Light; IYL; IYL2015; society |
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Abstract |
The 2015 International Year of Light and Light-based Technologies (IYL) is now approaching its end. It has been a year full of excitement worldwide, involving people of all ages in an incredible number of different activities |
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Address |
Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies (IFN-CNR) Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milan, Italy |
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IOP |
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English |
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English |
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2040-8978 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1428 |
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Author |
Rossi, F.; Bonamente, E.; Nicolini, A.; Anderini, E.; Cotana, F. |
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Title |
A carbon footprint and energy consumption assessment methodology for UHI-affected lighting systems in built areas |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Energy and Buildings |
Abbreviated Journal |
Energy and Buildings |
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Volume |
114 |
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Pages |
96-103 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Energy |
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Abstract |
This paper investigates the effects of urban heat island (UHI) on outdoor lighting systems in terms of GHG emissions: a novel methodology is proposed to assess the carbon footprint (CF) change of lighting services in built areas caused by UHI-induced ΔT with particular focus on the evaluation of the energy consumption. The methodology can be applied also to other activities affected by the UHI, such as HVAC and transport systems. In particular, ΔCF was introduced by a two-fold approach: the quantification of the CF change due to UHI (as difference between CF in an UHI-affected case and CF for an UHI-less case) and the CF change produced by a 1 °C temperature change. A focus on LED lamps was developed: the lifetime of LEDs exponentially decreases with increasing temperature and the luminous flux exponentially decays with operation time. UHI (i.e. the increase in ambient temperature) affects the lifetime and the luminous flux of lamps producing higher energy consumption and higher replacement rates. Results showed that a positive ΔT due to UHI produces a positive ΔCF, which also becomes economically relevant in long-term scenarios. A case study was analyzed by applying the proposed methodology to Rome outdoor public lighting. |
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0378-7788 |
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Call Number |
GFZ @ kyba @ |
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2483 |
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Author |
Coughlin, M.; Stubbs, C.; Claver, C. |
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Title |
A daytime measurement of the lunar contribution to the night sky brightness in LSST’s ugrizy bands–initial results |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Experimental Astronomy |
Abbreviated Journal |
Exp Astron |
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Volume |
41 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
393-408 |
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Keywords |
Moonlight |
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Abstract |
We report measurements from which we determine the spatial structure ofthe lunar contribution to night sky brightness, taken at the LSST site on Cerro Pachonin Chile. We use an array of six photodiodes with filters that approximate the LargeSynoptic Survey Telescope’su, g, r, i, z,andybands. We use the sun as a proxy forthe moon, and measure sky brightness as a function of zenith angle of the point onsky, zenith angle of the sun, and angular distance between the sun and the point onsky. We make a correction for the difference between the illumination spectrum of thesun and the moon. Since scattered sunlight totally dominates the daytime sky bright-ness, this technique allows us to cleanly determine the contribution to the (cloudless)night sky from backscattered moonlight, without contamination from other sourcesof night sky brightness. We estimate our uncertainty in the relative lunar night skybrightness vs. zenith and lunar angle to be between 0.3–0.7 mags depending on thepassband. This information is useful in planning the optimal execution of the LSSTsurvey, and perhaps for other astronomical observations as well. Although our pri-mary objective is to map out the angular structure and spectrum of the scattered lightfrom the atmosphere and particulates, we also make an estimate of the expected num-ber of scattered lunar photons per pixel per second in LSST, and find values that arein overall agreement with previous estimates. |
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0922-6435 |
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GFZ @ kyba @ |
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3039 |
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Author |
Costin, K.J.; Boulton, A.M. |
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Title |
A Field Experiment on the Effect of Introduced Light Pollution on Fireflies (Coleoptera: Lampyridae) in the Piedmont Region of Maryland |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The Coleopterists Bulletin |
Abbreviated Journal |
The Coleopterists Bulletin |
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Volume |
70 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
84-86 |
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Keywords |
Animals; insects; fireflies; Coleoptera; Lampyridae; Coleoptera Lampyridae; artificial light at night; ecology; light pollution |
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Abstract |
(none) |
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Environmental Biology Hood College 401 Rosemont Avenue Frederick, MD 21701, U.S.A.; kjc(at)hood.edu |
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BioOne |
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English |
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English |
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0010-065X |
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Call Number |
IDA @ john @ |
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1406 |
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Author |
Walch, O.J.; Cochran, A.; Forger, D.B. |
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Title |
A global quantification of “normal” sleep schedules using smartphone data |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Science Advances |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science Advances |
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Volume |
2 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
e1501705-e1501705 |
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Keywords |
Human Health; Sleep; *Circadian Rhythm; smartphone; society |
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Abstract |
The influence of the circadian clock on sleep scheduling has been studied extensively in the laboratory; however, the effects of society on sleep remain largely unquantified. We show how a smartphone app that we have developed, ENTRAIN, accurately collects data on sleep habits around the world. Through mathematical modeling and statistics, we find that social pressures weaken and/or conceal biological drives in the evening, leading individuals to delay their bedtime and shorten their sleep. A country’s average bedtime, but not average wake time, predicts sleep duration. We further show that mathematical models based on controlled laboratory experiments predict qualitative trends in sunrise, sunset, and light level; however, these effects are attenuated in the real world around bedtime. Additionally, we find that women schedule more sleep than men and that users reporting that they are typically exposed to outdoor light go to sleep earlier and sleep more than those reporting indoor light. Finally, we find that age is the primary determinant of sleep timing, and that age plays an important role in the variability of population-level sleep habits. This work better defines and personalizes “normal†sleep, produces hypotheses for future testing in the laboratory, and suggests important ways to counteract the global sleep crisis. |
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2375-2548 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1440 |
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