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Reinberg, A.; Smolensky, M.H.; Touitou, Y. |
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Title |
The full moon as a synchronizer of circa-monthly biological rhythms: Chronobiologic perspectives based on multidisciplinary naturalistic research |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume  |
33 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
465-479 |
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Keywords |
Moonlight; Commentary; Animals; Plants; Human Health |
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Abstract |
Biological rhythmicity is presumed to be an advantageous genetic adaptation of fitness and survival value resulting from evolution of life forms in an environment that varies predictably-in-time during the 24 h, month, and year. The 24 h light/dark cycle is the prime synchronizer of circadian periodicities, and its modulation over the course of the year, in terms of daytime photoperiod length, is a prime synchronizer of circannual periodicities. Circadian and circannual rhythms have been the major research focus of most scientists. Circa-monthly rhythms triggered or synchronized by the 29.5 day lunar cycle of nighttime light intensity, or specifically the light of the full moon, although explored in waterborne and certain other species, have received far less study, perhaps because of associations with ancient mythology and/or an attitude naturalistic studies are of lesser merit than ones that entail molecular mechanisms. In this editorial, we cite our recent discovery through multidisciplinary naturalistic investigation of a highly integrated circadian, circa-monthly, and circannual time structure, synchronized by the natural ambient nyctohemeral, lunar, and annual light cycles, of the Peruvian apple cactus (C. peruvianus) flowering and reproductive processes that occur in close temporal coordination with like rhythms of the honey bee as its pollinator. This finding led us to explore the preservation of this integrated biological time structure, synchronized and/or triggered by environmental light cues and cycles, in the reproduction of other species, including Homo sapiens, and how the artificial light environment of today in which humans reside may be negatively affecting human reproduction efficiency. |
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a Unite de Chronobiologie , Fondation A de Rothschild , Paris cedex 19 , France |
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0742-0528 |
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PMID:27019304 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1460 |
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Koo, Y.S.; Jung, K.-Y. |
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Title |
Oldies but goodies: The Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS) data can be used with the data obtained before the year 2012 |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
946-948 |
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Keywords |
Commentary; Human Health |
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b Department of Neurology , Seoul National University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea |
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0742-0528 |
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PMID:27253844 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1463 |
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Borniger, J.C.; Nelson, R.J. |
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Title |
Photoperiodic Regulation of Behavior: Peromyscus as a Model System |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
946-948 |
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Animals |
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Winter and summer present vastly different challenges to animals living outside of the tropics. To survive and reproduce, individuals must anticipate seasonal environmental changes and adjust physiology and behavior accordingly. Photoperiod (day length) offers a relatively ‘noise free’ environmental signal that non-tropical animals use to tell the time of year, and whether winter is approaching or receding. In some cases, photoperiodic signals may be fine-tuned by other proximate cues such as food availability or temperature. The pineal hormone, melatonin, is a primary physiological transducer of the photoperiodic signal. It tracks night length and provokes changes in physiology and behavior at appropriate times of the year. Because of their wide latitudinal distribution, Peromyscus has been well studied in the context of photoperiodic regulation of physiology and behavior. Here, we discuss how photoperiodic signals are transduced by pineal melatonin, how melatonin acts on target tissues, and subsequent consequences for behavior. Using a life-history paradigm involving trade-offs between the immune and reproductive systems, specific emphasis is placed on aggression, metabolism, and cognition. We discuss future directions including examining the effects of light pollution on photoperiodism, genetic manipulations to test the role of specific genes in the photoperiodic response, and using Peromyscus to test evolutionary theories of aging. |
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1084-9521 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1469 |
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Esaki, Y.; Kitajima, T.; Ito, Y.; Koike, S.; Nakao, Y.; Tsuchiya, A.; Hirose, M.; Iwata, N. |
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Title |
Wearing blue light-blocking glasses in the evening advances circadian rhythms in the patients with delayed sleep phase disorder: An open-label trial |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
1037-1044 |
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Keywords |
Human Health |
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It has been recently discovered that blue wavelengths form the portion of the visible electromagnetic spectrum that most potently regulates circadian rhythm. We investigated the effect of blue light-blocking glasses in subjects with delayed sleep phase disorder (DSPD). This open-label trial was conducted over 4 consecutive weeks. The DSPD patients were instructed to wear blue light-blocking amber glasses from 21:00 p.m. to bedtime, every evening for 2 weeks. To ascertain the outcome of this intervention, we measured dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) and actigraphic sleep data at baseline and after the treatment. Nine consecutive DSPD patients participated in this study. Most subjects could complete the treatment with the exception of one patient who hoped for changing to drug therapy before the treatment was completed. The patients who used amber lens showed an advance of 78 min in DLMO value, although the change was not statistically significant (p = 0.145). Nevertheless, the sleep onset time measured by actigraph was advanced by 132 min after the treatment (p = 0.034). These data suggest that wearing amber lenses may be an effective and safe intervention for the patients with DSPD. These findings also warrant replication in a larger patient cohort with controlled observations. |
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a Department of Psychiatry , Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Aichi , Japan |
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0742-0528 |
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PMID:27322730 |
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Call Number |
LoNNe @ kyba @ |
Serial |
1488 |
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Author |
Quiles, C.L.; de Oliveira, M.A.B.; Tonon, A.C.; Hidalgo, M.P.L. |
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Title |
Biological adaptability under seasonal variation of light/dark cycles |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Chronobiology International |
Abbreviated Journal |
Chronobiol Int |
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Volume |
33 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
964-971 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Abstract |
3A substantial amount of experimental models designed to understand rhythms entrainment and the effects of different regimens of light exposure on health have been proposed. However, many of them do not relate to what occurs in real life. Our objective was to evaluate the influence of “seasonal-like” variation in light/dark cycles on biological rhythms. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were assigned to three groups: control (CT), kept in 12:12 light/dark (LD) cycle; long photoperiod/short photoperiod (LP/SP), kept in 16.5:7.5 LD cycle for 18 days (phase A), then 17 days of gradual reductions in light time (phase B), then 18 days of shorter exposure (7.5:16.5 LD cycle, phase C); short photoperiod/long photoperiod (SP/LP) group, with same modifications as the LP/SP group, but in reverse order, starting phase A in 7.5:16.5 LD cycle. Activity and temperature were recorded constantly, and melatonin and cortisol concentrations were measured twice. Activity and temperature acrophases of all groups changed according to light. The correlation between activity and temperature was, overall, significantly lower for SP/LP group compared with LP/SP and CT groups. Regarding melatonin concentration, LP/SP group showed significant positive correlation between phase A and C (p = 0.018). Animals changed temperature and activity according to photoperiod and demonstrated better adaptability in transitioning from long to short photoperiod. Since this model imitates seasonal variation in light in a species that is largely used in behavioral experiments, it reveals promising methods to improve the reliability of experimental models and of further environmental health research. |
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b Pos-graduacao em Psiquiatria e Ciencias do Comportamento, Faculdade de Medicina (FAMED) , Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) , Porto Alegre , Brasil |
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0742-0528 |
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PMID:27222076 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1512 |
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