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Author |
Katz, Y.; Levin, N. |
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Title |
Quantifying urban light pollution -- A comparison between field measurements and EROS-B imagery |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
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177 |
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65-77 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing; Skyglow |
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0034-4257 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1359 |
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Author |
Kotarba, A.Z.; Aleksandrowicz, S. |
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Title |
Impervious surface detection with nighttime photography from the International Space Station |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
Abbreviated Journal |
Remote Sensing of Environment |
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176 |
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Pages |
295-307 |
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Keywords |
Remote Sensing |
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Abstract |
For over two decades nighttime satellite imagery from the Operational Linescan System (OLS) has been used to detect impervious surfaces. However, OLS-based maps suffer from the sensor's coarse resolution (2.7 km/pixel), overglow, and saturation in urban areas, resulting in inaccurate estimates of the extent and degree of impervious surfaces. In order to provide more reliable estimates of impervious surface extent, we used high resolution (~ 10 m/pixel) nighttime photography from the International Space Station (ISS). Focusing on the city of Berlin in Germany, we produced a map of the extent of impervious surfaces. Our classification was 85% accurate for both user and producer measures. Impervious surfaces omitted by ISS photography were mainly transit roads and airport runways, while green areas and water bodies within the city were falsely identified. An analysis based on ISS imagery classified 55.7% of the study area as impervious, which is only 3.9% less than ground truth (while the OLS-based estimate was 40% higher than ground truth). ISS imagery failed to provide reliable information about the degree of imperviousness for individual pixels (± 20% errors); nevertheless it accurately estimated the spatially-averaged degree of imperviousness for the whole study area (30.2% vs. the reference value of 30.1%). These results show that ISS photography is an important source of nighttime imagery for mapping the extent of impervious surfaces, and represents a considerable improvement over OLS capabilities. |
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0034-4257 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1356 |
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Author |
Hall, A.S. |
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Title |
Acute Artificial Light Diminishes Central Texas Anuran Calling Behavior |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
The American Midland Naturalist |
Abbreviated Journal |
Amer. Midland Naturalist |
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Volume |
175 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
183-193 |
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Keywords |
Animals; frogs; toads; amphibians; anurans; ecology; wildlife; Texas |
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Male anuran (frog and toad) advertisement calls associate with fitness and can respond to environmental cues such as rain and air temperature. Moonlight is thought to generally decrease call behaviors – perhaps as a response to increased perceived risk of predation – and this study sought to determine if artificial lighting produces a similar pattern. Using a handheld spotlight, light was experimentally introduced to natural anuran communities in ponds and streams. Custom call surveys where then used to measure anuran calls in paired unlit and lit conditions at six locations in central Texas. Among seven species heard, the number of frogs calling and call index declined in response to the acute light input. Local weather conditions could not explain differences between numbers of frogs calling between species, sites, survey order, or lighting order suggesting the main effect on number calling was light treatment. It appears acute artificial light alone can change calling behavior within several species in natural, mixed species assemblages. |
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Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas 76019; allopatry(at)gmail.com |
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BioOne |
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English |
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English |
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0003-0031 |
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IDA @ john @ |
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1455 |
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Author |
Datta, S.; Samanta, D.; Sinha, P.; Chakrabarti, N. |
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Title |
Gender features and estrous cycle variations of nocturnal behavior of mice after a single exposure to light at night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
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Volume |
164 |
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Pt A |
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113-122 |
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Animals |
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Light at night alters behavior and cognitive performances in rodents, the variations of which in gender and stages of reproductive cycle in females are elusive. Young mice habituated in light:dark (12:12h) cycle were given a single exposure of light (100lx) at early night for one hour duration followed by experimentations in open field (closed wall with circular big arena), elevated plus maze and square habituated field for memory performance using novel object recognition task. Light effects were compared with results found during without light conditions. Proestrous females appeared to have greater locomotor activity, less anxiety and better memory performance compared to the diestrous females at night without light exposure. The status of locomotor activity, anxiety and memory performance of male mice at night without light exposure appeared to be comparable to females where the stage of estrous cycle is important to characterize the nocturnal behavior of male mice. Light maximally affected proestrous females with decrease in locomotor activity, increase in anxiety and failure of memory performance. Male and diestrous female mice performed memory performance without alteration of locomotor activity and anxiety after exposure to light where males performed better memory performance with greater locomotor activity and more anxiety compared to that of diestrous females. The present study characterizes the mice nocturnal behavior with and without a single exposure to light stimuli with its gender features and estrous cycle variation. In addition, the study indicates an association of memory performance with locomotor activity and anxiety in mice nocturnal behavior. |
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Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Electronic address: ncphysiolcu@gmail.com |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:27241632 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1521 |
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Author |
Farkas, A.; Szaz, D.; Egri, A.; Barta, A.; Meszaros, A.; Hegedus, R.; Horvath, G.; Kriska, G. |
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Title |
Mayflies are least attracted to vertical polarization: A polarotactic reaction helping to avoid unsuitable habitats |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Physiology & Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
Physiol Behav |
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Volume |
163 |
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Pages |
219-227 |
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Keywords |
Animals |
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Like other aquatic insects, mayflies are positively polarotactic and locate water surfaces by means of the horizontal polarization of water-reflected light. However, may vertically polarized light also have implications for the swarming behaviour of mayflies? To answer this question, we studied in four field experiments the behavioural responses of Ephoron virgo and Caenis robusta mayflies to lamps emitting horizontally and vertically polarized and unpolarized light. In both species, unpolarized light induces positive phototaxis, horizontally polarized light elicits positive photo- and polarotaxis, horizontally polarized light is much more attractive than unpolarized light, and vertically polarized light is the least attractive if the stimulus intensities and spectra are the same. Vertically polarized light was the most attractive for C. robusta if its intensity was about two and five times higher than that of the unpolarized and horizontally polarized stimuli, respectively. We suggest that the mayfly behaviour observed in our experiments may facilitate the stability of swarming above water surfaces. Beside the open water surface reflecting horizontally polarized light, the shadow and mirror image of riparian vegetation at the edge of the water surface reflect weakly and non-horizontally (mainly vertically) polarized light. Due to their positive polarotaxis, flying mayflies remain continuously above the water surface, because they keep away from the unpolarized or non-horizontally polarizing edge regions (water surface and coast line) of water bodies. We also discuss how our findings can explain the regulation of mayfly colonization. |
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Danube Research Institute, MTA Centre for Ecological Research, H-1113 Budapest, Karolina ut 29-31, Hungary; Group for Methodology in Biology Teaching, Biological Institute, Eotvos University, H-1117 Budapest, Pazmany setany 1, Hungary. Electronic address: kriska@ludens.elte.hu |
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English |
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0031-9384 |
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PMID:27178399 |
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LoNNe @ kyba @ |
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1501 |
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