Garstang, R. H. (1989). Predictions of Future Light Pollution for Ground-Based Observatory Sites. Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, 21, 759.
Abstract: In a paper now in press (P.A.S.P. March 1989) we have given details of an improved model for calculating the light pollution caused by one or more cities at an observatory or prospective observatory site. The principal difference in the new model from our earlier one is the inclusion of the effects of the curvature of the Earth, which are significant for the large cities at large distances from mountain observatories.
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Garstang, R. H. (2000). Light Pollution at Mount Wilson: The Effects of Population Growth and Air Pollution. Memorie della Società Astronomia Italiana, 71(1).
Abstract: This is the first part of a study of the historical growth of light pollution at Mount Wilson Observatory. The night sky brightness at Mount Wilson due to light pollution from Los Angeles basin was calculated for the years 1910 to 1990, neglecting changes in lighting technology, and without any air pollution ('smog'). The very large effect of population growth is shown. We made a simple extension of our night sky brightness program to include a layer of smog. Two possibilities of constant density and finite thickness. The ground level density is determined by the visibility. We assume a smog layer whose density increases from zero in 1920 to appropriate values for the years from 1950. We added this layer to out model and repeated the Mount Wilson calculations. An average smog layer reduces the visual brightness at the present time by about 6 percent.
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Garstang, R. H. (2004). Mount Wilson Observatory: The Sad Story of Light Pollution. The Observatory, 124, 14–21.
Abstract: The brightness of night sky at the Mount Wilson Observatory has been calculated for the years from 1900 to 2000. Data on the street lighting in Los Angeles City and estimates for light from residences, shops, and businesses have been used to calculate the per capita light-emission rates. These have been used in model brightness calculations with the populations of many cities in the Los Angeles Basin. The results show the relentless increase in night-sky brightness that is continuing at this time.
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Guillemin, A. (1867). The Heavens: An Illustrated Handbook of Popular Astronomy (J. Norman Lockyer, Ed.). London: Richard Bently.
Abstract: Relevant excerpt: In large towns, the thousands of gas-lamps or other lights render the observation of the Zodiacal Light very difficult, not to say impossible, at all times. On the other hand, in stations conveniently situated, it can be seen at the various epochs of the year, even in the temperate zones.
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Wesołowski, M. (2019). Impact of light pollution on the visibility of astronomical objects in medium-sized cities in Central Europe on the example of the city of Rzeszów, Poland. J Astrophys Astron, 40(3).
Abstract: This paper discusses the influence of light pollution of the night sky on the conditions of visibility of astronomical objects such as planets, stars and comets. This phenomenon has a huge impact on the observability of astronomical objects, especially in cities, where the brightness of the sky makes it difficult or even impossible to conduct astronomical observations. The main purpose of this article is to measure and analyse the surface brightness of the night sky in Rzeszów and its surroundings. A device called the Sky Quality Meter was used to measure the brightness of the night sky. This paper presents measurement results for the years 2015 and 2018, from which it is clear that the quality of the night sky has been deteriorated in terms of the observability of celestial bodies. As an example, the numerical value of the measurement for the centre of Rzeszów has been taken. In 2015, this value was 18.70±1.87 mag/arcsec2, while in 2018, it was equal to 16.73±1.67 mag/arcsec2. The results obtained were used to analyse the visibility of celestial bodies. Here, particular attention was paid to the analysis of the visibility of comets (also during the outburst), in the context of increasing light pollution of the night sky. Observers in neighboring villages have also experienced a change in the sky quality from Bortle Class V to Class VII, requiring objects to be approximately one magnitude brighter in order to be visible.
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